My main research interests are defining the pathegenesis of autoimmune liver diseases (AILD) in both children and adults, characterising the defects leading to immunotolerance breaks down in AILD, and defining the genetic association with AILD, including HLA and non-HLA genes. In addition to isolating and identifying novel autoantigens (alcohol dehydrogenage and soluble liver antigen) in the past, I have defined immunodominant epitopes on one of the major autoantigens, cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) for CD4 and CD8 T cells. These epitopes have been used to isolate and expand autoantigen specific CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are numerically and functionally defected in AILD. I have also used CYP2D6 to establish two novel mouse models of AILD, in which the disease risk genes, HLA DR3 and -DR4, are carried by these mice, facilitating the immunotelerance breaks down in the liver. I have also investigated immunological aspects in liver transplatation, promoting the latest technigue of liver graft presevation, nornmothermic machine perfusion (NMP). The final goal of my research is to restore immunotolerance in the lvier through the application of immunoregulatory therapies to treatment AILD and also to induce liver graft acceptance. 

Immunoregulation; immunogenetics; pathogenesis of autoimmune liver diseases, transplation immunology