A high protein diet is more effective in improving insulin resistance and glycemic variability compared to a mediterranean diet—a cross-over controlled inpatient dietary study

Francesca Tettamanzi; Vincenzo Bagnardi; Panayiotis Louca; Ana Nogal; Gianna Serafina Monti; Sara P. Mambrini; Elisa Lucchetti; Sabrina Maestrini; Silvia Mazza; Ana Rodriguez-Mateos; Massimo Scacchi; Ana M. Valdes; Cecilia Invitti; Cristina Menni

doi:10.3390/nu13124380

A high protein diet is more effective in improving insulin resistance and glycemic variability compared to a mediterranean diet—a cross-over controlled inpatient dietary study

Francesca Tettamanzi, Vincenzo Bagnardi, Panayiotis Louca, Ana Nogal, Gianna Serafina Monti, Sara P. Mambrini, Elisa Lucchetti, Sabrina Maestrini, Silvia Mazza, Ana Rodriguez-Mateos, Massimo Scacchi, Ana M. Valdes, Cecilia Invitti, Cristina Menni^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

47 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The optimal dietary pattern to improve metabolic function remains elusive. In a 21-day randomized controlled inpatient crossover feeding trial of 20 insulin-resistant obese women, we assessed the extent to which two isocaloric dietary interventions—Mediterranean (M) and high protein (HP)—improved metabolic parameters. Obese women were assigned to one of the following dietary sequences: M–HP or HP–M. Cardiometabolic parameters, body weight, glucose monitoring and gut microbiome composition were assessed. Sixteen women completed the study. Compared to the M diet, the HP diet was more effective in (i) reducing insulin resistance (insulin: Beta (95% CI) = −6.98 (−12.30, −1.65) µIU/mL, p = 0.01; HOMA-IR: −1.78 (95% CI: −3.03, −0.52), p = 9 × 10⁻³ ); and (ii) improving glycemic variability (−3.13 (−4.60, −1.67) mg/dL, p = 4 × 10⁻⁴ ), a risk factor for T2D development. We then identified a panel of 10 microbial genera predictive of the difference in glycemic variability between the two diets. These include the genera Coprococcus and Lachnoclostridium, previously associated with glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. Our results suggest that morbidly obese women with insulin resistance can achieve better control of insulin resistance and glycemic variability on a high HP diet compared to an M diet.

Original language	English
Article number	4380
Journal	Nutrients
Volume	13
Issue number	12
Early online date	7 Dec 2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124380
Publication status	Published - Dec 2021

Keywords

Dietary intervention
Glycemic variability
Gut microbiome
High protein diet
Insulin resistance
Mediterranean diet
Obesity

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.3390/nu13124380

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Tettamanzi, F., Bagnardi, V., Louca, P., Nogal, A., Monti, G. S., Mambrini, S. P., Lucchetti, E., Maestrini, S., Mazza, S., Rodriguez-Mateos, A., Scacchi, M., Valdes, A. M., Invitti, C., & Menni, C. (2021). A high protein diet is more effective in improving insulin resistance and glycemic variability compared to a mediterranean diet—a cross-over controlled inpatient dietary study. Nutrients, 13(12), Article 4380. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124380

@article{b35f08766fd44b85bfd79778b3456877,

title = "A high protein diet is more effective in improving insulin resistance and glycemic variability compared to a mediterranean diet—a cross-over controlled inpatient dietary study",

abstract = "The optimal dietary pattern to improve metabolic function remains elusive. In a 21-day randomized controlled inpatient crossover feeding trial of 20 insulin-resistant obese women, we assessed the extent to which two isocaloric dietary interventions—Mediterranean (M) and high protein (HP)—improved metabolic parameters. Obese women were assigned to one of the following dietary sequences: M–HP or HP–M. Cardiometabolic parameters, body weight, glucose monitoring and gut microbiome composition were assessed. Sixteen women completed the study. Compared to the M diet, the HP diet was more effective in (i) reducing insulin resistance (insulin: Beta (95% CI) = −6.98 (−12.30, −1.65) µIU/mL, p = 0.01; HOMA-IR: −1.78 (95% CI: −3.03, −0.52), p = 9 × 10−3 ); and (ii) improving glycemic variability (−3.13 (−4.60, −1.67) mg/dL, p = 4 × 10−4 ), a risk factor for T2D development. We then identified a panel of 10 microbial genera predictive of the difference in glycemic variability between the two diets. These include the genera Coprococcus and Lachnoclostridium, previously associated with glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. Our results suggest that morbidly obese women with insulin resistance can achieve better control of insulin resistance and glycemic variability on a high HP diet compared to an M diet.",

keywords = "Dietary intervention, Glycemic variability, Gut microbiome, High protein diet, Insulin resistance, Mediterranean diet, Obesity",

author = "Francesca Tettamanzi and Vincenzo Bagnardi and Panayiotis Louca and Ana Nogal and Monti, {Gianna Serafina} and Mambrini, {Sara P.} and Elisa Lucchetti and Sabrina Maestrini and Silvia Mazza and Ana Rodriguez-Mateos and Massimo Scacchi and Valdes, {Ana M.} and Cecilia Invitti and Cristina Menni",

note = "Funding Information: Funding: This work is funded by the NIHR Nottingham BRC. C.M., A.N. and P.L. are funded by the Chronic Disease Research Foundation. AMV is supported by the National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021, MDPI. All rights reserved.",

year = "2021",

month = dec,

doi = "10.3390/nu13124380",

language = "English",

volume = "13",

journal = "Nutrients",

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Tettamanzi, F, Bagnardi, V, Louca, P, Nogal, A, Monti, GS, Mambrini, SP, Lucchetti, E, Maestrini, S, Mazza, S, Rodriguez-Mateos, A, Scacchi, M, Valdes, AM, Invitti, C & Menni, C 2021, 'A high protein diet is more effective in improving insulin resistance and glycemic variability compared to a mediterranean diet—a cross-over controlled inpatient dietary study', Nutrients, vol. 13, no. 12, 4380. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124380

TY - JOUR

T1 - A high protein diet is more effective in improving insulin resistance and glycemic variability compared to a mediterranean diet—a cross-over controlled inpatient dietary study

AU - Tettamanzi, Francesca

AU - Bagnardi, Vincenzo

AU - Louca, Panayiotis

AU - Nogal, Ana

AU - Monti, Gianna Serafina

AU - Mambrini, Sara P.

AU - Lucchetti, Elisa

AU - Maestrini, Sabrina

AU - Mazza, Silvia

AU - Rodriguez-Mateos, Ana

AU - Scacchi, Massimo

AU - Valdes, Ana M.

AU - Invitti, Cecilia

AU - Menni, Cristina

N1 - Funding Information: Funding: This work is funded by the NIHR Nottingham BRC. C.M., A.N. and P.L. are funded by the Chronic Disease Research Foundation. AMV is supported by the National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre. Publisher Copyright: © 2021, MDPI. All rights reserved.

PY - 2021/12

Y1 - 2021/12

N2 - The optimal dietary pattern to improve metabolic function remains elusive. In a 21-day randomized controlled inpatient crossover feeding trial of 20 insulin-resistant obese women, we assessed the extent to which two isocaloric dietary interventions—Mediterranean (M) and high protein (HP)—improved metabolic parameters. Obese women were assigned to one of the following dietary sequences: M–HP or HP–M. Cardiometabolic parameters, body weight, glucose monitoring and gut microbiome composition were assessed. Sixteen women completed the study. Compared to the M diet, the HP diet was more effective in (i) reducing insulin resistance (insulin: Beta (95% CI) = −6.98 (−12.30, −1.65) µIU/mL, p = 0.01; HOMA-IR: −1.78 (95% CI: −3.03, −0.52), p = 9 × 10−3 ); and (ii) improving glycemic variability (−3.13 (−4.60, −1.67) mg/dL, p = 4 × 10−4 ), a risk factor for T2D development. We then identified a panel of 10 microbial genera predictive of the difference in glycemic variability between the two diets. These include the genera Coprococcus and Lachnoclostridium, previously associated with glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. Our results suggest that morbidly obese women with insulin resistance can achieve better control of insulin resistance and glycemic variability on a high HP diet compared to an M diet.

AB - The optimal dietary pattern to improve metabolic function remains elusive. In a 21-day randomized controlled inpatient crossover feeding trial of 20 insulin-resistant obese women, we assessed the extent to which two isocaloric dietary interventions—Mediterranean (M) and high protein (HP)—improved metabolic parameters. Obese women were assigned to one of the following dietary sequences: M–HP or HP–M. Cardiometabolic parameters, body weight, glucose monitoring and gut microbiome composition were assessed. Sixteen women completed the study. Compared to the M diet, the HP diet was more effective in (i) reducing insulin resistance (insulin: Beta (95% CI) = −6.98 (−12.30, −1.65) µIU/mL, p = 0.01; HOMA-IR: −1.78 (95% CI: −3.03, −0.52), p = 9 × 10−3 ); and (ii) improving glycemic variability (−3.13 (−4.60, −1.67) mg/dL, p = 4 × 10−4 ), a risk factor for T2D development. We then identified a panel of 10 microbial genera predictive of the difference in glycemic variability between the two diets. These include the genera Coprococcus and Lachnoclostridium, previously associated with glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. Our results suggest that morbidly obese women with insulin resistance can achieve better control of insulin resistance and glycemic variability on a high HP diet compared to an M diet.

KW - Dietary intervention

KW - Glycemic variability

KW - Gut microbiome

KW - High protein diet

KW - Insulin resistance

KW - Mediterranean diet

KW - Obesity

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U2 - 10.3390/nu13124380

DO - 10.3390/nu13124380

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85120639817

SN - 2072-6643

VL - 13

JO - Nutrients

JF - Nutrients

IS - 12

M1 - 4380

ER -

A high protein diet is more effective in improving insulin resistance and glycemic variability compared to a mediterranean diet—a cross-over controlled inpatient dietary study

Abstract

Keywords

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