A systematic review and meta-analysis of dietary patterns and depression in community-dwelling adults

TY - JOUR

T1 - A systematic review and meta-analysis of dietary patterns and depression in community-dwelling adults

AU - Lai, Jun S

AU - Hiles, Sarah

AU - Bisquera, Alessandra

AU - Hure, Alexis J

AU - McEvoy, Mark

AU - Attia, John

PY - 2014/1

Y1 - 2014/1

N2 - BACKGROUND: Studies of single nutrients on depression have produced inconsistent results, and they have failed to consider the complex interactions between nutrients. An increasing number of studies in recent years are investigating the association of overall dietary patterns and depression. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to systematically review current literature and conduct meta-analyses of studies addressing the association between dietary patterns and depression. DESIGN: Six electronic databases were searched for articles published up to August 2013 that examined the association of total diet and depression among adults. Only studies considered methodologically rigorous were included. Two independent reviewers completed study selection, quality rating, and data extraction. Effect sizes of eligible studies were pooled by using random-effects models. A summary of the findings was presented for studies that could not be meta-analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 21 studies were identified. Results from 13 observational studies were pooled. Two dietary patterns were identified. The healthy diet pattern was significantly associated with a reduced odds of depression (OR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.76, 0.92; P <0.001). No statistically significant association was observed between the Western diet and depression (OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.68; P = 0.094); however, the studies were too few for a precise estimate of this effect. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that high intakes of fruit, vegetables, fish, and whole grains may be associated with a reduced depression risk. However, more high-quality randomized controlled trials and cohort studies are needed to confirm this finding, specifically the temporal sequence of this association.

AB - BACKGROUND: Studies of single nutrients on depression have produced inconsistent results, and they have failed to consider the complex interactions between nutrients. An increasing number of studies in recent years are investigating the association of overall dietary patterns and depression. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to systematically review current literature and conduct meta-analyses of studies addressing the association between dietary patterns and depression. DESIGN: Six electronic databases were searched for articles published up to August 2013 that examined the association of total diet and depression among adults. Only studies considered methodologically rigorous were included. Two independent reviewers completed study selection, quality rating, and data extraction. Effect sizes of eligible studies were pooled by using random-effects models. A summary of the findings was presented for studies that could not be meta-analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 21 studies were identified. Results from 13 observational studies were pooled. Two dietary patterns were identified. The healthy diet pattern was significantly associated with a reduced odds of depression (OR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.76, 0.92; P <0.001). No statistically significant association was observed between the Western diet and depression (OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.68; P = 0.094); however, the studies were too few for a precise estimate of this effect. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that high intakes of fruit, vegetables, fish, and whole grains may be associated with a reduced depression risk. However, more high-quality randomized controlled trials and cohort studies are needed to confirm this finding, specifically the temporal sequence of this association.

KW - CINAHL Database

KW - Cereals

KW - Community Living

KW - Confidence Intervals

KW - Depression

KW - Descriptive Statistics

KW - Diet

KW - Diet -- Classification

KW - Embase

KW - Evidence-Based

KW - Fish

KW - Fruit

KW - Graphics

KW - Human

KW - Medline

KW - Meta Analysis

KW - New South Wales

KW - Odds Ratio

KW - Professional Practice

KW - Psycinfo

KW - Publication Bias -- Evaluation

KW - Research Methodology -- Evaluation

KW - Study Design -- Evaluation

KW - Systematic Review

KW - Vegetables

U2 - 10.3945/​ajcn.113.069880

DO - 10.3945/​ajcn.113.069880

M3 - Article

SN - 0002-9165

VL - 99

SP - 181

EP - 197

JO - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

JF - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

IS - 1

ER -