@article{caffdac047cb47489a99e996331f9805,
title = "Acute kidney injury in the critically ill: an updated review on pathophysiology and management",
abstract = "Acute kidney injury (AKI) is now recognized as a heterogeneous syndrome that not only affects acute morbidity and mortality, but also a patient{\textquoteright}s long-term prognosis. In this narrative review, an update on various aspects of AKI in critically ill patients will be provided. Focus will be on prediction and early detection of AKI (e.g., the role of biomarkers to identify high-risk patients and the use of machine learning to predict AKI), aspects of pathophysiology and progress in the recognition of different phenotypes of AKI, as well as an update on nephrotoxicity and organ cross-talk. In addition, prevention of AKI (focusing on fluid management, kidney perfusion pressure, and the choice of vasopressor) and supportive treatment of AKI is discussed. Finally, post-AKI risk of long-term sequelae including incident or progression of chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular events and mortality, will be addressed.",
keywords = "Acute kidney injury, Biomarkers, Blood pressure management, Diagnosis, Fluid therapy, Heterogeneity, Long-term consequences, Machine learning, Nephrotoxicity, Organ cross-talk, Pathophysiology, Phenotypes, Vasopressor",
author = "Peter Pickkers and Michael Darmon and Eric Hoste and Michael Joannidis and Matthieu Legrand and Marlies Ostermann and Prowle, {John R.} and Antoine Schneider and Miet Schetz",
note = "Funding Information: PP declares having received speaker fees from Baxter and consultancy fees from AM-Pharma. MD declares having received speaker fees from Astelas, Gilead-Kite and MSD along with a grant from MSD outside the scope of this manuscript. EH declares speaker fees from Alexion and Sopachem (paid to the university), travel grant from AM-Pharma. MJ has received honoraria and research support from Baxter Healthcare Corp, AM-Pharma, CLS Behring, Fresenius, and Astute Medical. ML declares no conflict of interest. MO declares speaker fees from Fresenius and Biomerieux, research funding from Baxter, Biomerieux and LaJolla Pharma and consultancy fee from NxStage. JRP has received grant and/or research support from bioM{\'e}rieux, consulting fees from Medibeacon Inc., Beckton Dickinson Inc and Jafron Biomedical Co Ltd and speaker{\textquoteright}s honoraria from Nikkiso Europe GmbH, Baxter, Braun Medical Ltd, Fresenius Medical Care and Fresenius-Kabi UK. AS has received a grant from the Leenaards foundation, speaker honoraria from Fresenius Medical Care and consulting honoraria from B Braun Melsungen AG. MS has no conflict of interest to declare. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021, The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
year = "2021",
month = aug,
doi = "10.1007/s00134-021-06454-7",
language = "English",
volume = "47",
pages = "835--850",
journal = "Intensive Care Medicine",
issn = "0342-4642",
publisher = "Springer Verlag",
number = "8",
}
