Altered proactive control in adults with ADHD: Evidence from event-related potentials during cued task switching

Justina Sidlauskaite; Monica Dhar; Edmund Sonuga-Barke; Jan R. Wiersema

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107330

Altered proactive control in adults with ADHD: Evidence from event-related potentials during cued task switching

Justina Sidlauskaite^*, Monica Dhar, Edmund Sonuga-Barke, Jan R. Wiersema

^*Corresponding author for this work

Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

5 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Cognitive control has two distinct modes – proactive and reactive (Braver, T. S. (2012). The variable nature of cognitive control: a dual mechanisms framework. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16(2), 105–112). ADHD has been associated with cognitive control impairments. However, studies have mainly focused on reactive control and not proactive control. Here we investigated neural correlates of proactive and reactive cognitive control in a group of adults with ADHD versus healthy controls by employing a cued switching task while cue informativeness was manipulated and EEG recorded. On the performance level, only a trend to generally slower responding was found in the ADHD group. Cue-locked analyses revealed an attenuated informative-positivity – a differential component appearing when contrasting informative with non-informative alerting cues – and potentially altered lateralisation of the switch-positivity – evident in the contrast between switch and repeat trials for informative cues – in ADHD. No difference in target-locked activity was found. Our results indicate altered proactive rather than reactive control in adults with ADHD, evidenced by less use of cued advance information and abnormal preparatory processes for upcoming tasks.

Original language	English
Article number	107330
Journal	Neuropsychologia
Volume	138
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107330
Publication status	Published - 17 Feb 2020

Keywords

ADHD
Cued task switching
ERP
Proactive control

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10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107330

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title = "Altered proactive control in adults with ADHD: Evidence from event-related potentials during cued task switching",

abstract = "Cognitive control has two distinct modes – proactive and reactive (Braver, T. S. (2012). The variable nature of cognitive control: a dual mechanisms framework. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16(2), 105–112). ADHD has been associated with cognitive control impairments. However, studies have mainly focused on reactive control and not proactive control. Here we investigated neural correlates of proactive and reactive cognitive control in a group of adults with ADHD versus healthy controls by employing a cued switching task while cue informativeness was manipulated and EEG recorded. On the performance level, only a trend to generally slower responding was found in the ADHD group. Cue-locked analyses revealed an attenuated informative-positivity – a differential component appearing when contrasting informative with non-informative alerting cues – and potentially altered lateralisation of the switch-positivity – evident in the contrast between switch and repeat trials for informative cues – in ADHD. No difference in target-locked activity was found. Our results indicate altered proactive rather than reactive control in adults with ADHD, evidenced by less use of cued advance information and abnormal preparatory processes for upcoming tasks.",

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AU - Wiersema, Jan R.

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Altered proactive control in adults with ADHD: Evidence from event-related potentials during cued task switching

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Keywords

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