An epitope-based approach of HLA-matched platelets for transfusion: A noninferiority crossover randomized trial

Judith C. Marsh*, Simon J. Stanworth, Laura A. Pankhurst, Delordson Kallon, Adeline Z. Gilbertson, Collette Pigden, Alison J. Deary, Ana S. Mora, Joanne Brown, Emma S. Laing, Louise L. Choo, Renate Hodge, Charlotte A. Llewelyn, Kay Harding, Deborah Sage, Aleksandar Mijovic, Ghulam J. Mufti, Cristina V. Navarrete, Colin J. Brown

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

23 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Platelet transfusion refractoriness results in adverse outcomes and increased health care costs. Managing refractoriness resulting from HLA alloimmunization necessitates the use of HLA antigen-matched platelets but requires a large platelet donor pool and does not guarantee full matching. We report the first randomized, double-blind, noninferiority, crossover trial comparing HLA epitope-matched (HEM) platelets with HLA standard antigen-matched (HSM) platelet transfusions. Alloimmunized, platelet-refractory, thrombocytopenic patients with aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, or acute myeloid leukemia were eligible. HEM platelets were selected using HLAMatchMaker epitope (specifically eplet) matching. Patients received up to 8 prophylactic HEM and HSM transfusions provided in random order. The primary outcome was 1-hour posttransfusion platelet count increment (PCI). Forty-nine patients were randomized at 14 UK hospitals. For intention to treat, numbers of evaluable transfusions were 107 and 112 for HEM and HSM methods, respectively. Unadjusted mean PCIs for HEM and HSM methods were 23.9 (standard deviation [SD], 15) and 23.5 (SD, 14.1), respectively (adjusted mean difference, 20.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 22.9 to 2.8). Because the lower limit of the 95% CI was not greater than the predefined noninferiority limit, the HEM approach was declared noninferior to the HSM approach. There were no differences in secondary outcomes of platelet counts, transfusion requirements, and bleeding events. Adequate 1-hour PCI was more frequently observed, with a mean number of 3.2 epitope mismatches, compared with 5.5 epitope mismatches for inadequate 1-hour increments. For every additional epitope mismatch, the likelihood of an adequate PCI decreased by 15%. Epitope-matched platelets should be considered to support HLA alloimmunized patients.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)310-322
Number of pages13
JournalBlood
Volume137
Issue number3
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 21 Jan 2021

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