Assessment of the processing conditions which make the Ambrosia seeds non-viable

Dieter Schrenk; Margherita Bignami; Laurent Bodin; James Kevin Chipman; Jesús del Mazo; Bettina Grasl-Kraupp; Laurentius (Ron) Hoogenboom; Jean-Charles Leblanc; Carlo Stefano Nebbia; Elsa Nielsen; Evangelia Ntzani; Annette Petersen; Salomon Sand; Tanja Schwerdtle; Christiane Vleminckx; Heather Wallace; Jürgen Gropp; Gerhard Karrer; Anna Christodoulidou; Christer Hogstrand

doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8102

Assessment of the processing conditions which make the Ambrosia seeds non-viable

Dieter Schrenk, Margherita Bignami, Laurent Bodin, James Kevin Chipman, Jesús del Mazo, Bettina Grasl-Kraupp, Laurentius (Ron) Hoogenboom, Jean-Charles Leblanc, Carlo Stefano Nebbia, Elsa Nielsen, Evangelia Ntzani, Annette Petersen, Salomon Sand, Tanja Schwerdtle, Christiane Vleminckx, Heather Wallace, Jürgen Gropp, Gerhard Karrer, Anna Christodoulidou, Christer Hogstrand

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Abstract

Abstract The European Commission requested EFSA to provide an assessment of the processing conditions which make Ambrosia seeds non-viable in feed materials and compound feed. This assessment also includes information on a reliable procedure to verify the non-viability of the seeds. Ambrosia seeds are known contaminants in feed with maximum levels set in the Directive 2002/32/EC. The manufacturing processes and processing conditions applied to the feed may affect the viability of the Ambrosia seeds. Therefore, the CONTAM Panel compared these conditions with conditions that have been shown to be sufficient to render Ambrosia seeds non-viable. The Panel concluded with a certainty of 99?100% that solvent extraction and toasting of oilseed meals at temperatures of 120°C with steam injection for 10?min or more will make Ambrosia seeds non-viable. Since milling/grinding feed materials for compound feed of piglets, aquatic species and non-food producing animals would not allow particles of sizes ≥1?mm (the minimum size of viable Ambrosia seeds) passing the grinding process it was considered very likely (with ≥?90% certainty) that these feeds will not contain viable Ambrosia seeds. In poultry, pig, and possibly cattle feed, particle sizes are ≥?1?mm and therefore Ambrosia seeds could likely (66?90% certainty) survive the grinding process. Starch and gluten either from corn or wheat wet milling would not contain Ambrosia seeds with 99?100% certainty. Finally, ensiling fresh forages contaminated with A. artemisiifolia seeds for more than 3 months is very likely to render all seeds non-viable. The Panel concluded that a combination of the germination test and a subsequent triphenyl-tetrazolium-chloride (TTC) test will very likely (with ≥?90% certainty) verify the non-viability of Ambrosia seeds. The Panel recommends that data on the presence of viable Ambrosia seeds before and after the different feed production processes should be generated.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	e08102
Journal	EFSA Journal
Volume	21
Issue number	7
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8102
Publication status	Published - 2023

Keywords

Ambrosia seeds
feed
viability
temperature
ensiling
germination test
TTC test

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10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8102

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Schrenk, D., Bignami, M., Bodin, L., Chipman, J. K., del Mazo, J., Grasl-Kraupp, B., Hoogenboom, L., Leblanc, J.-C., Nebbia, C. S., Nielsen, E., Ntzani, E., Petersen, A., Sand, S., Schwerdtle, T., Vleminckx, C., Wallace, H., Gropp, J., Karrer, G., Christodoulidou, A., & Hogstrand, C. (2023). Assessment of the processing conditions which make the Ambrosia seeds non-viable. EFSA Journal, 21(7), e08102. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8102

@article{03ab2cb4eb2a4afbadb1357c4f8ccdc9,

title = "Assessment of the processing conditions which make the Ambrosia seeds non-viable",

abstract = "Abstract The European Commission requested EFSA to provide an assessment of the processing conditions which make Ambrosia seeds non-viable in feed materials and compound feed. This assessment also includes information on a reliable procedure to verify the non-viability of the seeds. Ambrosia seeds are known contaminants in feed with maximum levels set in the Directive 2002/32/EC. The manufacturing processes and processing conditions applied to the feed may affect the viability of the Ambrosia seeds. Therefore, the CONTAM Panel compared these conditions with conditions that have been shown to be sufficient to render Ambrosia seeds non-viable. The Panel concluded with a certainty of 99?100% that solvent extraction and toasting of oilseed meals at temperatures of 120°C with steam injection for 10?min or more will make Ambrosia seeds non-viable. Since milling/grinding feed materials for compound feed of piglets, aquatic species and non-food producing animals would not allow particles of sizes ≥1?mm (the minimum size of viable Ambrosia seeds) passing the grinding process it was considered very likely (with ≥?90% certainty) that these feeds will not contain viable Ambrosia seeds. In poultry, pig, and possibly cattle feed, particle sizes are ≥?1?mm and therefore Ambrosia seeds could likely (66?90% certainty) survive the grinding process. Starch and gluten either from corn or wheat wet milling would not contain Ambrosia seeds with 99?100% certainty. Finally, ensiling fresh forages contaminated with A. artemisiifolia seeds for more than 3 months is very likely to render all seeds non-viable. The Panel concluded that a combination of the germination test and a subsequent triphenyl-tetrazolium-chloride (TTC) test will very likely (with ≥?90% certainty) verify the non-viability of Ambrosia seeds. The Panel recommends that data on the presence of viable Ambrosia seeds before and after the different feed production processes should be generated.",

keywords = "Ambrosia seeds, feed, viability, temperature, ensiling, germination test, TTC test",

author = "Dieter Schrenk and Margherita Bignami and Laurent Bodin and Chipman, {James Kevin} and {del Mazo}, Jes{\'u}s and Bettina Grasl-Kraupp and Hoogenboom, {Laurentius (Ron)} and Jean-Charles Leblanc and Nebbia, {Carlo Stefano} and Elsa Nielsen and Evangelia Ntzani and Annette Petersen and Salomon Sand and Tanja Schwerdtle and Christiane Vleminckx and Heather Wallace and J{\"u}rgen Gropp and Gerhard Karrer and Anna Christodoulidou and Christer Hogstrand",

year = "2023",

doi = "10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8102",

language = "English",

volume = "21",

pages = "e08102",

journal = "EFSA Journal",

issn = "1831-4732",

publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd",

number = "7",

}

Schrenk, D, Bignami, M, Bodin, L, Chipman, JK, del Mazo, J, Grasl-Kraupp, B, Hoogenboom, L, Leblanc, J-C, Nebbia, CS, Nielsen, E, Ntzani, E, Petersen, A, Sand, S, Schwerdtle, T, Vleminckx, C, Wallace, H, Gropp, J, Karrer, G, Christodoulidou, A & Hogstrand, C 2023, 'Assessment of the processing conditions which make the Ambrosia seeds non-viable', EFSA Journal, vol. 21, no. 7, pp. e08102. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8102

TY - JOUR

T1 - Assessment of the processing conditions which make the Ambrosia seeds non-viable

AU - Schrenk, Dieter

AU - Bignami, Margherita

AU - Bodin, Laurent

AU - Chipman, James Kevin

AU - del Mazo, Jesús

AU - Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina

AU - Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron)

AU - Leblanc, Jean-Charles

AU - Nebbia, Carlo Stefano

AU - Nielsen, Elsa

AU - Ntzani, Evangelia

AU - Petersen, Annette

AU - Sand, Salomon

AU - Schwerdtle, Tanja

AU - Vleminckx, Christiane

AU - Wallace, Heather

AU - Gropp, Jürgen

AU - Karrer, Gerhard

AU - Christodoulidou, Anna

AU - Hogstrand, Christer

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - Abstract The European Commission requested EFSA to provide an assessment of the processing conditions which make Ambrosia seeds non-viable in feed materials and compound feed. This assessment also includes information on a reliable procedure to verify the non-viability of the seeds. Ambrosia seeds are known contaminants in feed with maximum levels set in the Directive 2002/32/EC. The manufacturing processes and processing conditions applied to the feed may affect the viability of the Ambrosia seeds. Therefore, the CONTAM Panel compared these conditions with conditions that have been shown to be sufficient to render Ambrosia seeds non-viable. The Panel concluded with a certainty of 99?100% that solvent extraction and toasting of oilseed meals at temperatures of 120°C with steam injection for 10?min or more will make Ambrosia seeds non-viable. Since milling/grinding feed materials for compound feed of piglets, aquatic species and non-food producing animals would not allow particles of sizes ≥1?mm (the minimum size of viable Ambrosia seeds) passing the grinding process it was considered very likely (with ≥?90% certainty) that these feeds will not contain viable Ambrosia seeds. In poultry, pig, and possibly cattle feed, particle sizes are ≥?1?mm and therefore Ambrosia seeds could likely (66?90% certainty) survive the grinding process. Starch and gluten either from corn or wheat wet milling would not contain Ambrosia seeds with 99?100% certainty. Finally, ensiling fresh forages contaminated with A. artemisiifolia seeds for more than 3 months is very likely to render all seeds non-viable. The Panel concluded that a combination of the germination test and a subsequent triphenyl-tetrazolium-chloride (TTC) test will very likely (with ≥?90% certainty) verify the non-viability of Ambrosia seeds. The Panel recommends that data on the presence of viable Ambrosia seeds before and after the different feed production processes should be generated.

AB - Abstract The European Commission requested EFSA to provide an assessment of the processing conditions which make Ambrosia seeds non-viable in feed materials and compound feed. This assessment also includes information on a reliable procedure to verify the non-viability of the seeds. Ambrosia seeds are known contaminants in feed with maximum levels set in the Directive 2002/32/EC. The manufacturing processes and processing conditions applied to the feed may affect the viability of the Ambrosia seeds. Therefore, the CONTAM Panel compared these conditions with conditions that have been shown to be sufficient to render Ambrosia seeds non-viable. The Panel concluded with a certainty of 99?100% that solvent extraction and toasting of oilseed meals at temperatures of 120°C with steam injection for 10?min or more will make Ambrosia seeds non-viable. Since milling/grinding feed materials for compound feed of piglets, aquatic species and non-food producing animals would not allow particles of sizes ≥1?mm (the minimum size of viable Ambrosia seeds) passing the grinding process it was considered very likely (with ≥?90% certainty) that these feeds will not contain viable Ambrosia seeds. In poultry, pig, and possibly cattle feed, particle sizes are ≥?1?mm and therefore Ambrosia seeds could likely (66?90% certainty) survive the grinding process. Starch and gluten either from corn or wheat wet milling would not contain Ambrosia seeds with 99?100% certainty. Finally, ensiling fresh forages contaminated with A. artemisiifolia seeds for more than 3 months is very likely to render all seeds non-viable. The Panel concluded that a combination of the germination test and a subsequent triphenyl-tetrazolium-chloride (TTC) test will very likely (with ≥?90% certainty) verify the non-viability of Ambrosia seeds. The Panel recommends that data on the presence of viable Ambrosia seeds before and after the different feed production processes should be generated.

KW - Ambrosia seeds

KW - feed

KW - viability

KW - temperature

KW - ensiling

KW - germination test

KW - TTC test

U2 - 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8102

DO - 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8102

M3 - Article

SN - 1831-4732

VL - 21

SP - e08102

JO - EFSA Journal

JF - EFSA Journal

IS - 7

ER -

Assessment of the processing conditions which make the Ambrosia seeds non-viable

Abstract

Keywords

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