Association between depression and incident dementia: Longitudinal findings from the share study

Nicola Veronese; Lee Smith; Ai Koyanagi; Pinar Soysal; Christopher Mueller; Chiara Maria Errera; Giusy Vassallo; Laura Vernuccio; Giuseppina Catanese; Marco Solmi; Ligia J. Dominguez; Mario Barbagallo

doi:10.1002/gps.6121

Association between depression and incident dementia: Longitudinal findings from the share study

Nicola Veronese^*, Lee Smith, Ai Koyanagi, Pinar Soysal, Christopher Mueller, Chiara Maria Errera, Giusy Vassallo, Laura Vernuccio, Giuseppina Catanese, Marco Solmi, Ligia J. Dominguez, Mario Barbagallo

^*Corresponding author for this work

Psychological Medicine

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

2 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Background: The association between depression and dementia is still unclear, particularly regarding depression as a potential risk factor preceding dementia. Therefore, we aimed to verify if the presence of depression at baseline may increase the risk of dementia and cognitive impairment during 15 years of follow-up in the SHARE (Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe) study. Methods: Depressive symptoms were defined using the EURO-D, with a score ≥4 indicative of depression. Incident dementia was ascertained using self-reported data and caregivers' information, cognitive impairment using objective cognitive tests. Cox regression analysis, adjusted for 10 baseline confounders, was run and hazard ratios (HRs), with their 95% confidence intervals, were estimated. Results: In total 22,789 participants were included in the present analysis (mean age 64.2 years) and were predominantly female. The prevalence of depression at baseline was 24.9%. Over 15 years of follow-up, the onset of dementia occurred a median 2 years earlier in people with depression compared to those without. Depression at the baseline significantly increased the risk of dementia in the overall sample (HR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.54–1.95) and the risk of cognitive impairment (HR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.06–1.25). For dementia, the association was stronger in people less than 60 years (HR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.42–3.02) than in participants aged ≥80 years (HR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.14–1.91). A similar trend was observed for cognitive impairment. Among the single items of the EURO-D, loss of concentration was the strongest individual variable predicting the onset of dementia. Conclusions: Depression increased the risk of dementia and cognitive impairment, particularly in younger adults, whereas loss of concentration was the strongest individual predicting variable of dementia. These findings demonstrate the need for early detection of depression for preventing future cognitive worsening.

Original language	English
Article number	e6121
Journal	International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
Volume	39
Issue number	7
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.6121
Publication status	Published - Jul 2024

Keywords

cohort
dementia
depression
Europe
longitudinal
SHARE study

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10.1002/gps.6121

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Veronese, N., Smith, L., Koyanagi, A., Soysal, P., Mueller, C., Errera, C. M., Vassallo, G., Vernuccio, L., Catanese, G., Solmi, M., Dominguez, L. J., & Barbagallo, M. (2024). Association between depression and incident dementia: Longitudinal findings from the share study. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 39(7), Article e6121. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.6121

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title = "Association between depression and incident dementia: Longitudinal findings from the share study",

abstract = "Background: The association between depression and dementia is still unclear, particularly regarding depression as a potential risk factor preceding dementia. Therefore, we aimed to verify if the presence of depression at baseline may increase the risk of dementia and cognitive impairment during 15 years of follow-up in the SHARE (Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe) study. Methods: Depressive symptoms were defined using the EURO-D, with a score ≥4 indicative of depression. Incident dementia was ascertained using self-reported data and caregivers' information, cognitive impairment using objective cognitive tests. Cox regression analysis, adjusted for 10 baseline confounders, was run and hazard ratios (HRs), with their 95% confidence intervals, were estimated. Results: In total 22,789 participants were included in the present analysis (mean age 64.2 years) and were predominantly female. The prevalence of depression at baseline was 24.9%. Over 15 years of follow-up, the onset of dementia occurred a median 2 years earlier in people with depression compared to those without. Depression at the baseline significantly increased the risk of dementia in the overall sample (HR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.54–1.95) and the risk of cognitive impairment (HR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.06–1.25). For dementia, the association was stronger in people less than 60 years (HR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.42–3.02) than in participants aged ≥80 years (HR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.14–1.91). A similar trend was observed for cognitive impairment. Among the single items of the EURO-D, loss of concentration was the strongest individual variable predicting the onset of dementia. Conclusions: Depression increased the risk of dementia and cognitive impairment, particularly in younger adults, whereas loss of concentration was the strongest individual predicting variable of dementia. These findings demonstrate the need for early detection of depression for preventing future cognitive worsening.",

keywords = "cohort, dementia, depression, Europe, longitudinal, SHARE study",

author = "Nicola Veronese and Lee Smith and Ai Koyanagi and Pinar Soysal and Christopher Mueller and Errera, {Chiara Maria} and Giusy Vassallo and Laura Vernuccio and Giuseppina Catanese and Marco Solmi and Dominguez, {Ligia J.} and Mario Barbagallo",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.",

year = "2024",

month = jul,

doi = "10.1002/gps.6121",

language = "English",

volume = "39",

journal = "International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry",

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T1 - Association between depression and incident dementia

T2 - Longitudinal findings from the share study

AU - Veronese, Nicola

AU - Smith, Lee

AU - Koyanagi, Ai

AU - Soysal, Pinar

AU - Mueller, Christopher

AU - Errera, Chiara Maria

AU - Vassallo, Giusy

AU - Vernuccio, Laura

AU - Catanese, Giuseppina

AU - Solmi, Marco

AU - Dominguez, Ligia J.

AU - Barbagallo, Mario

PY - 2024/7

Y1 - 2024/7

N2 - Background: The association between depression and dementia is still unclear, particularly regarding depression as a potential risk factor preceding dementia. Therefore, we aimed to verify if the presence of depression at baseline may increase the risk of dementia and cognitive impairment during 15 years of follow-up in the SHARE (Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe) study. Methods: Depressive symptoms were defined using the EURO-D, with a score ≥4 indicative of depression. Incident dementia was ascertained using self-reported data and caregivers' information, cognitive impairment using objective cognitive tests. Cox regression analysis, adjusted for 10 baseline confounders, was run and hazard ratios (HRs), with their 95% confidence intervals, were estimated. Results: In total 22,789 participants were included in the present analysis (mean age 64.2 years) and were predominantly female. The prevalence of depression at baseline was 24.9%. Over 15 years of follow-up, the onset of dementia occurred a median 2 years earlier in people with depression compared to those without. Depression at the baseline significantly increased the risk of dementia in the overall sample (HR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.54–1.95) and the risk of cognitive impairment (HR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.06–1.25). For dementia, the association was stronger in people less than 60 years (HR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.42–3.02) than in participants aged ≥80 years (HR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.14–1.91). A similar trend was observed for cognitive impairment. Among the single items of the EURO-D, loss of concentration was the strongest individual variable predicting the onset of dementia. Conclusions: Depression increased the risk of dementia and cognitive impairment, particularly in younger adults, whereas loss of concentration was the strongest individual predicting variable of dementia. These findings demonstrate the need for early detection of depression for preventing future cognitive worsening.

AB - Background: The association between depression and dementia is still unclear, particularly regarding depression as a potential risk factor preceding dementia. Therefore, we aimed to verify if the presence of depression at baseline may increase the risk of dementia and cognitive impairment during 15 years of follow-up in the SHARE (Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe) study. Methods: Depressive symptoms were defined using the EURO-D, with a score ≥4 indicative of depression. Incident dementia was ascertained using self-reported data and caregivers' information, cognitive impairment using objective cognitive tests. Cox regression analysis, adjusted for 10 baseline confounders, was run and hazard ratios (HRs), with their 95% confidence intervals, were estimated. Results: In total 22,789 participants were included in the present analysis (mean age 64.2 years) and were predominantly female. The prevalence of depression at baseline was 24.9%. Over 15 years of follow-up, the onset of dementia occurred a median 2 years earlier in people with depression compared to those without. Depression at the baseline significantly increased the risk of dementia in the overall sample (HR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.54–1.95) and the risk of cognitive impairment (HR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.06–1.25). For dementia, the association was stronger in people less than 60 years (HR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.42–3.02) than in participants aged ≥80 years (HR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.14–1.91). A similar trend was observed for cognitive impairment. Among the single items of the EURO-D, loss of concentration was the strongest individual variable predicting the onset of dementia. Conclusions: Depression increased the risk of dementia and cognitive impairment, particularly in younger adults, whereas loss of concentration was the strongest individual predicting variable of dementia. These findings demonstrate the need for early detection of depression for preventing future cognitive worsening.

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KW - dementia

KW - depression

KW - Europe

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DO - 10.1002/gps.6121

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C2 - 38970170

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JO - International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry

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Association between depression and incident dementia: Longitudinal findings from the share study

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