Association of brain amyloidosis with pro-inflammatory gut bacterial taxa and peripheral inflammation markers in cognitively impaired elderly

Annamaria Cattaneo, Nadia Cattane, Samantha Galluzzi, Stefania Provasi, Nicola Lopizzo, Cristina Festari, Clarissa Ferrari, Ugo Paolo Guerra, Barbara Paghera, Cristina Muscio, Angelo Bianchetti, Giorgio Dalla Volta, Marinella Turla, Maria Sofia Cotelli, Michele Gennuso, Alessandro Prelle, Orazio Zanetti, Giulia Lussignoli, Dario Mirabile, Daniele BellandiSimona Gentile, Gloria Belotti, Daniele Villani, Taoufiq Harach, Tristan Bolmont, Alessandro Padovani, Marina Boccardi, Giovanni B. Frisoni

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    Abstract

    The pathway leading from beta-amyloid deposition to cognitive impairment is believed to be a cornerstone of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, what drives amyloid build-up in sporadic non-genetic cases of AD is still unknown. AD brains feature an inflammatory reaction around amyloid plaques, and a specific subset of the gut microbiota (GMB) may promote brain inflammation. We investigated the possible role of the GMB in AD pathogenesis by studying the association of brain amyloidosis with (i) GMB taxa with pro- and anti-inflammatory activity, and (ii) peripheral inflammation in cognitively impaired patients. We measured the stool abundance of selected bacterial GMB taxa (Escherichia/Shigella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Eubacterium rectale, Eubacterium hallii, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Bacteroides fragilis) and the blood expression levels of cytokines (pro-inflammatory cytokines: CXCL2, CXCL10, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, IL-8, NLRP3, TNF-α; anti-inflammatory cytokines: IL-4, IL-10, IL-13) in cognitively impaired patients with (n=40, Amy+) and with no brain amyloidosis (n=33, Amy-), and also in a group of controls (n=10, no brain amyloidosis and no cognitive impairment, HC). Amy+ patients showed higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, CXCL2, NLRP3 and IL-1β) compared to both controls and to Amy- patients. A reduction of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was observed in Amy+ versus Amy-. Amy+ showed lower abundance of Eubacterium rectale and higher abundance of Escherichia/Shigella as compared to both HC (Fold Change, FC=-9.6, p<0.001 and FC=+12.8, p<0.001, respectively) and to Amy- (FC=-7.7, p<0.001 and FC=+7.4, p=0.003). A positive correlation was observed between pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, NLRP3 and CXCL2 with abundance of the inflammatory bacteria taxon Escherichia/Shigella (rho=0.60, p<0.001; rho=0.57, p<0.001; and rho=0.30, p=0.007, respectively) and a negative correlation with the anti-inflammatory Eubacterium rectale (rho=-0.48, p<0.001; rho=-0.25, p=0.024; rho=-0.49, p<0.001). Our data indicate that an increase in the abundance of a pro-inflammatory GMB taxon, Escherichia/Shigella, and a reduction in the abundance of an anti-inflammatory taxon, Eubacterium rectale, are possibly associated with a peripheral inflammatory state in patients with cognitive impairment and brain amyloidosis. A possible causal relation between GMB-related inflammation and amyloidosis deserves further investigation.
    Original languageEnglish
    JournalNeurobiology of Aging
    Early online date31 Aug 2016
    DOIs
    Publication statusE-pub ahead of print - 31 Aug 2016

    Keywords

    • cognitive impairment
    • brain amyloidosis
    • inflammation
    • gut microbiota
    • neurodegeneration

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