TY - JOUR
T1 - Association of psychological distress with smoking cessation, duration of abstinence from smoking, and use of non-combustible nicotine-containing products
T2 - A cross-sectional population survey in Great Britain
AU - Kock, Loren
AU - Brown, Jamie
AU - Cox, Sharon
AU - McNeill, Ann
AU - Robson, Debbie
AU - Shahab, Lion
AU - Tattan-Birch, Harry
AU - Brose, Leonie S.
N1 - Funding Information:
All authors conceived of the study and contributed to the study analysis plan. LK conducted the analysis and write up. All authors contributed to the final manuscript. LK is the guarantor of this work and, as such, had full access to all the data and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Funding for STS data collection in England is supported by Cancer Research UK (PRCRPG-Nov21\100002). This work is also supported by the UK Prevention Research Partnership (MR/S037519/1), which is funded by the British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK, Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorates, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Economic and Social Research Council, Health and Social Care Research and Development Division (Welsh Government), Medical Research Council, National Institute for Health Research, Natural Environment Research Council, Public Health Agency (Northern Ireland), The Health Foundation and Wellcome. LB, LK, and SC have none to declare. JB reports receiving grants from Cancer Research UK during the conduct of the study and receiving unrestricted research funding from pharmaceutical companies who manufacture smoking cessation medications to study smoking cessation outside the submitted work. LS reports receiving honoraria for talks, receiving an unrestricted research grant and travel expenses to attend meetings and workshops by pharmaceutical companies that make smoking cessation products (Pfizer and Johnson & Johnson), and acting as a paid reviewer for grant-awarding bodies and as a paid consultant for health care companies. DR is funded by National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) South London Applied Research Collaboration. AM is NIHR Senior Investigator. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of NIHR or the UK Department of Health and Social Care.
Funding Information:
Funding for STS data collection in England is supported by Cancer Research UK (PRCRPG-Nov21\100002). This work is also supported by the UK Prevention Research Partnership (MR/S037519/1), which is funded by the British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK, Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorates, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Economic and Social Research Council, Health and Social Care Research and Development Division (Welsh Government), Medical Research Council, National Institute for Health Research, Natural Environment Research Council, Public Health Agency (Northern Ireland), The Health Foundation and Wellcome.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Author(s)
PY - 2023/3/1
Y1 - 2023/3/1
N2 - Background: Tobacco smoking cessation is associated with improvements in mental health. This study assessed psychological distress, using the K6 non-specific screening tool ((items cover feelings of nervousness, hopelessness, restlessness, depression, ‘everything an effort’ and worthlessness), by smoking status, time since quit, and use of a non-combustible nicotine product. Methods: Monthly repeat cross-sectional household survey of adults (18 + ) from October 2020–February 2022 in Great Britain (N = 32,727). Using unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression (adjusted models included socio-demographic characteristics and ever diagnosis with a mental health condition), we assessed: associations between any/serious past-month psychological distress and smoking status and time since quit, whether these relationships were moderated by ever diagnosis with a mental health condition, and associations between distress and use of a nicotine product by people who formerly smoked. Results: In the unadjusted model, those who had not smoked for > 1y and who had never smoked had lower odds of any distress (OR = 0·42, 95 % CI 0·39-0·45; OR = 0·44, 0·41-0·47) compared with those who currently smoked. Moreover, the association of lower distress in those who had not smoked for > 1y and never smoked compared with those who currently smoked was more pronounced among those who had ever been diagnosed with a mental health condition (AOR = 0·58, 0·51-0·66; AOR = 0·60, 0·53-0·67) than among those who had not (AOR = 0·86, 0·76-0·98; AOR = 0·72, 0·65-0·81). In adjusted models of people who formerly smoked, current use of any nicotine product was associated with higher odds of distress compared with not using any nicotine product (AOR 1·23, 1·06-1·42). Conclusion: People who had never smoked, or had not smoked for > 1y had lower levels of distress than those who currently smoked. The lower odds of distress among people who had not smoked for > 1y was more pronounced among those with an ever (vs never) diagnosis of a mental health condition. Nicotine product use among those who formerly smoked was associated with greater distress. Due to potential residual confounding and selection bias more research is needed to determine causality.
AB - Background: Tobacco smoking cessation is associated with improvements in mental health. This study assessed psychological distress, using the K6 non-specific screening tool ((items cover feelings of nervousness, hopelessness, restlessness, depression, ‘everything an effort’ and worthlessness), by smoking status, time since quit, and use of a non-combustible nicotine product. Methods: Monthly repeat cross-sectional household survey of adults (18 + ) from October 2020–February 2022 in Great Britain (N = 32,727). Using unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression (adjusted models included socio-demographic characteristics and ever diagnosis with a mental health condition), we assessed: associations between any/serious past-month psychological distress and smoking status and time since quit, whether these relationships were moderated by ever diagnosis with a mental health condition, and associations between distress and use of a nicotine product by people who formerly smoked. Results: In the unadjusted model, those who had not smoked for > 1y and who had never smoked had lower odds of any distress (OR = 0·42, 95 % CI 0·39-0·45; OR = 0·44, 0·41-0·47) compared with those who currently smoked. Moreover, the association of lower distress in those who had not smoked for > 1y and never smoked compared with those who currently smoked was more pronounced among those who had ever been diagnosed with a mental health condition (AOR = 0·58, 0·51-0·66; AOR = 0·60, 0·53-0·67) than among those who had not (AOR = 0·86, 0·76-0·98; AOR = 0·72, 0·65-0·81). In adjusted models of people who formerly smoked, current use of any nicotine product was associated with higher odds of distress compared with not using any nicotine product (AOR 1·23, 1·06-1·42). Conclusion: People who had never smoked, or had not smoked for > 1y had lower levels of distress than those who currently smoked. The lower odds of distress among people who had not smoked for > 1y was more pronounced among those with an ever (vs never) diagnosis of a mental health condition. Nicotine product use among those who formerly smoked was associated with greater distress. Due to potential residual confounding and selection bias more research is needed to determine causality.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85144082956&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107570
DO - 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107570
M3 - Article
C2 - 36493683
AN - SCOPUS:85144082956
SN - 0306-4603
VL - 138
JO - Addictive Behaviors
JF - Addictive Behaviors
M1 - 107570
ER -
