TY - JOUR
T1 - Associations of delay discounting and drinking trajectories from ages 14 to 22
AU - The IMAGEN Consortium
AU - Fröhner, Juliane H.
AU - Ripke, Stephan
AU - Jurk, Sarah
AU - Li, Shu Chen
AU - Banaschewski, Tobias
AU - Bokde, Arun L.W.
AU - Quinlan, Erin Burke
AU - Desrivières, Sylvane
AU - Flor, Herta
AU - Grigis, Antoine
AU - Garavan, Hugh
AU - Heinz, Andreas
AU - Brühl, Rüdiger
AU - Martinot, Jean Luc
AU - Paillère Martinot, Marie Laure
AU - Artiges, Eric
AU - Nees, Frauke
AU - Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri
AU - Poustka, Luise
AU - Hohmann, Sarah
AU - Walter, Henrik
AU - Whelan, Robert
AU - Schumann, Gunter
AU - Smolka, Michael N.
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG project numbers 402170461 [TRR 265] and 178833530 [SFB 940] and [NE 1383/14-1]) and the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF Grants 01GS08152; 01EV0711; 01EE1406A, 01EE1406B, 01EE1406D [Forschungsnetz AERIAL]; 01GL1745B [Forschungsnetz IMAC-Mind]). JHF received a PhD scholarship from the SFB 940 “Volition and Cognitive Control: mechanisms, modulators and dysfunctions.” Other sources included the European Union-funded FP6 Integrated Project IMAGEN (Reinforcement-related behavior in normal brain function and psychopathology) (LSHM-CT- 2007-037286), the Horizon 2020-funded ERC Advanced Grant “STRATIFY” (Brain network based stratification of reinforcement-related disorders) (695313), Human Brain Project (HBP SGA 2, 785907, and HBP SGA 3, 945539), the Medical Research Council Grant “c-VEDA” (Consortium on Vulnerability to Externalizing Disorders and Addictions) (MR/N000390/1).
Funding Information:
This study was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG project numbers 402170461 [TRR 265] and 178833530 [SFB 940] and [NE 1383/14‐1]) and the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF Grants 01GS08152; 01EV0711; 01EE1406A, 01EE1406B, 01EE1406D [Forschungsnetz AERIAL]; 01GL1745B [Forschungsnetz IMAC‐Mind]). JHF received a PhD scholarship from the SFB 940 “Volition and Cognitive Control: mechanisms, modulators and dysfunctions.” Other sources included the European Union‐funded FP6 Integrated Project IMAGEN (Reinforcement‐related behavior in normal brain function and psychopathology) (LSHM‐CT‐ 2007‐037286), the Horizon 2020‐funded ERC Advanced Grant “STRATIFY” (Brain network based stratification of reinforcement‐related disorders) (695313), Human Brain Project (HBP SGA 2, 785907, and HBP SGA 3, 945539), the Medical Research Council Grant “c‐VEDA” (Consortium on Vulnerability to Externalizing Disorders and Addictions) (MR/N000390/1), the National Institute of Health (NIH) (R01DA049238, A decentralized macro and micro gene‐by‐environment interaction analysis of substance use behavior and its brain biomarkers), the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, the Medical Research Foundation and Medical Research Council (grants MR/R00465X/1 and MR/S020306/1), and the National Institutes of Health (NIH)‐funded ENIGMA (grants 5U54EB020403‐05 and 1R56AG058854‐01). Further support was provided by grants from the ANR (ANR‐12‐SAMA‐0004, AAPG2019—GeBra), the Eranet Neuron (AF12‐NEUR0008‐01—WM2NA; and ANR‐18‐NEUR00002‐01—ADORe), the Fondation de France (00081242), the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (DPA20140629802), the Mission Interministérielle de Lutte‐contre‐les‐Drogues‐et‐les‐Conduites‐Addictives (MILDECA), the Assistance‐Publique‐Hôpitaux‐de‐Paris and INSERM (interface grant), Paris Sud University IDEX 2012, the Fondation de l’Avenir (grant AP‐RM‐17‐013), the Fédération pour la Recherche sur le Cerveau, and the National Institutes of Health, Science Foundation Ireland (16/ERCD/3797), USA (Axon, Testosterone and Mental Health during Adolescence; RO1 MH085772‐01A1) and by NIH Consortium grant U54 EB020403, supported by a cross‐NIH alliance that funds Big Data to Knowledge Centres of Excellence; ImagenPathways "Understanding the Interplay between Cultural, Biological and Subjective Factors in Drug Use Pathways" is a collaborative project supported by the European Research Area Network on Illicit Drugs (ERANID). This paper is based on independent research commissioned and funded in England by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Policy Research Programme (project ref. PR‐ST‐0416‐10001). The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the national funding agencies or ERANID. We thank the participants for their impressive encouragement and participation over the years. We thank Matthew J. Belanger for language editing of the manuscript. We thank Tara Madhyastha for her help in setting up the neuropointillist analyses.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Authors. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Research Society on Alcoholism.
PY - 2022/4
Y1 - 2022/4
N2 - Background: While drinking alcohol, one must choose between the immediate rewarding effects and the delayed reward of a healthier lifestyle. Individuals differ in their devaluation of a delayed reward based on the time required to receive it, i.e., delay discounting (DD). Previous studies have shown that adolescents discount more steeply than adults and that steeper DD is associated with heavier alcohol use in both groups. Methods: In a large-scale longitudinal study, we investigated whether higher rates of DD are an antecedent or a consequence of alcohol use during adolescent development. As part of the IMAGEN project, 2220 adolescents completed the Monetary Choice Questionnaire as a DD measure, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, and the Timeline Follow Back interview at ages 14, 16, 18, and 22. Bivariate latent growth curve models were applied to investigate the relationship between DD and drinking. To explore the consequences of drinking, we computed the cumulative alcohol consumption and correlated it with the development of discounting. A subsample of 221 participants completed an intertemporal choice task (iTeCh) during functional magnetic resonance imaging at ages 14, 16, and 18. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to differentiate between high-risk and low-risk drinkers on the development of neural processing during intertemporal choices. Results: Overall, high rates of DD at age 14 predicted a greater increase in drinking over 8 years. In contrast, on average, moderate alcohol use did not affect DD from ages 14 to 22. Of note, we found indicators for less brain activity in top-down control areas during intertemporal choices in the participants who drank more. Conclusions: Steep DD was shown to be a predictor rather than a consequence of alcohol use in low-level drinking adolescents. Important considerations for future longitudinal studies are the sampling strategies to be used and the reliability of the assessments.
AB - Background: While drinking alcohol, one must choose between the immediate rewarding effects and the delayed reward of a healthier lifestyle. Individuals differ in their devaluation of a delayed reward based on the time required to receive it, i.e., delay discounting (DD). Previous studies have shown that adolescents discount more steeply than adults and that steeper DD is associated with heavier alcohol use in both groups. Methods: In a large-scale longitudinal study, we investigated whether higher rates of DD are an antecedent or a consequence of alcohol use during adolescent development. As part of the IMAGEN project, 2220 adolescents completed the Monetary Choice Questionnaire as a DD measure, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, and the Timeline Follow Back interview at ages 14, 16, 18, and 22. Bivariate latent growth curve models were applied to investigate the relationship between DD and drinking. To explore the consequences of drinking, we computed the cumulative alcohol consumption and correlated it with the development of discounting. A subsample of 221 participants completed an intertemporal choice task (iTeCh) during functional magnetic resonance imaging at ages 14, 16, and 18. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to differentiate between high-risk and low-risk drinkers on the development of neural processing during intertemporal choices. Results: Overall, high rates of DD at age 14 predicted a greater increase in drinking over 8 years. In contrast, on average, moderate alcohol use did not affect DD from ages 14 to 22. Of note, we found indicators for less brain activity in top-down control areas during intertemporal choices in the participants who drank more. Conclusions: Steep DD was shown to be a predictor rather than a consequence of alcohol use in low-level drinking adolescents. Important considerations for future longitudinal studies are the sampling strategies to be used and the reliability of the assessments.
KW - adolescence
KW - alcohol
KW - delay discounting
KW - latent growth curve modeling
KW - longitudinal fMRI
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85133569896&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/acer.14799
DO - 10.1111/acer.14799
M3 - Article
C2 - 35257381
AN - SCOPUS:85133569896
SN - 0145-6008
VL - 46
SP - 667
EP - 681
JO - Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research
JF - Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research
IS - 4
ER -