TY - JOUR
T1 - Associations of linear growth and weight gain in the first 2 years with bone mass at 4 years of age in children in Dhaka, Bangladesh
AU - Gias, Maimuna
AU - Qamar, Huma
AU - Fariha, Farzana
AU - Mahmud, Abdullah Al
AU - Shah, Prakesh
AU - Abrams, Steven A
AU - Roth, Daniel E
AU - O'Callaghan, Karen M
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s), 2024.
PY - 2024/11/22
Y1 - 2024/11/22
N2 - Objective: Growth faltering is widespread in many low- and middle-income countries, but its effects on childhood bone mass accrual are unknown. The objective of this study was to estimate associations between length (conditional length-for-age z-scores, cLAZ) and weight (conditional weight-for-age z-scores, cWAZ) gain in three age intervals (ages 0-6, 6-12 and 12-24 months) with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived measures of bone mass (total body less head (TBLH) bone mineral content (BMC), areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and bone area) at 4 years of age. Design: Associations between interval-specific growth parameters (cLAZ and cWAZ) and bone outcomes were estimated using linear regression models, adjusted for maternal, child and household characteristics. Setting: Data collection occurred in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Participants: 599 healthy children enrolled in the BONe and mUScle Health in Kids Study. Results: cLAZ in each age interval was positively associated with TBLH BMC, aBMD and bone area at 4 years; however, associations attenuated towards null upon adjustment for concurrent height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) at age 4 years and confounders. cWAZ from 0 to 6 and 6 to 12 months was not associated with bone mass, but every sd increase in cWAZ between 12 and 24 months was associated with greater BMC (7·6 g; 95 % CI: 3·2, 12·0) and aBMD (0·008 g/cm
2; 95 % CI: 0·003, 0·014) after adjusting for concurrent WAZ, HAZ and confounders. Conclusions: Associations of linear growth (birth to 2 years) with bone mass at age 4 years were explained by concurrent HAZ. Weight gain in the second year of life may increase bone mass independently of linear growth in settings where growth faltering is common.
AB - Objective: Growth faltering is widespread in many low- and middle-income countries, but its effects on childhood bone mass accrual are unknown. The objective of this study was to estimate associations between length (conditional length-for-age z-scores, cLAZ) and weight (conditional weight-for-age z-scores, cWAZ) gain in three age intervals (ages 0-6, 6-12 and 12-24 months) with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived measures of bone mass (total body less head (TBLH) bone mineral content (BMC), areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and bone area) at 4 years of age. Design: Associations between interval-specific growth parameters (cLAZ and cWAZ) and bone outcomes were estimated using linear regression models, adjusted for maternal, child and household characteristics. Setting: Data collection occurred in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Participants: 599 healthy children enrolled in the BONe and mUScle Health in Kids Study. Results: cLAZ in each age interval was positively associated with TBLH BMC, aBMD and bone area at 4 years; however, associations attenuated towards null upon adjustment for concurrent height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) at age 4 years and confounders. cWAZ from 0 to 6 and 6 to 12 months was not associated with bone mass, but every sd increase in cWAZ between 12 and 24 months was associated with greater BMC (7·6 g; 95 % CI: 3·2, 12·0) and aBMD (0·008 g/cm
2; 95 % CI: 0·003, 0·014) after adjusting for concurrent WAZ, HAZ and confounders. Conclusions: Associations of linear growth (birth to 2 years) with bone mass at age 4 years were explained by concurrent HAZ. Weight gain in the second year of life may increase bone mass independently of linear growth in settings where growth faltering is common.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85210354382&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1017/S1368980024002301
DO - 10.1017/S1368980024002301
M3 - Article
C2 - 39575549
SN - 1368-9800
VL - 27
SP - 1
EP - 26
JO - Public Health Nutrition
JF - Public Health Nutrition
IS - 1
M1 - e265
ER -