Associations of non-employment with common mental disorder subcomponents among working age population: analysis of national data from 1993, 2000, 2007 and 2014

Gayan Perera; K. T.D.D.P. Jayapala; Mizanur Khondoker; Karen Glaser; Giorgio Di Gessa; Robert Stewart

doi:10.1177/00207640241293351

Associations of non-employment with common mental disorder subcomponents among working age population: analysis of national data from 1993, 2000, 2007 and 2014

Gayan Perera^*, K. T.D.D.P. Jayapala, Mizanur Khondoker, Karen Glaser, Giorgio Di Gessa, Robert Stewart

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Background: Associations between employment status and mental health are well-recognised and such associations may have multiple modifying factors which may also contribute to variations in results. Aims: We aimed to investigate associations between non-employment and CMD subcomponents and the extent of their variation across age groups using nationally representative data in Britain. Method: We used a series of national mental health surveys of adults living in private households: the British National Surveys of Psychiatric Morbidity of 1993, 2000, 2007 and 2014. Employment status was the primary exposure of interest. Presence or absence of each fourteen symptoms of common mental disorder (CMD), as the primary outcome, was ascertained identically in all surveys from the revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R). Odds ratio for the association between exposure and outcome and population attributional fractions (PAFs) for each association was calculated. Results: Within the highest-risk 45 to 54 years age group, all odds ratios were statistically significant and strongest associations were observed with panic symptoms (OR = 2.33), followed by depressive symptoms (1.90), worry about physical health (1.84), depression (1.82), forgetfulness (1.82) and somatic symptoms (1.70). In the 55 to 64 years age group, highest population attributable fractions were observed for non-employment as a hypothetical risk factor for panic symptoms (51.7%), phobias (44.2%), forgetfulness (39.5%), depressive symptoms (38.5%), worries about physical health (37.9%) and somatic symptoms (36.0%). Conclusions: The particularly high impact in middle-aged, pre-retirement groups of non-employment on CMD suggests a policy focus on alleviating stressors and providing support for those made redundant and/or compelled to take unwanted early retirement.

Original language	English
Journal	International Journal of Social Psychiatry
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1177/00207640241293351
Publication status	Accepted/In press - 2024

Keywords

British National Surveys of Psychiatric Morbidity
common mental disorder
Employment status
panic symptoms

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@article{f7ca99780b8a4063981eb3d91e794a2c,

title = "Associations of non-employment with common mental disorder subcomponents among working age population: analysis of national data from 1993, 2000, 2007 and 2014",

abstract = "Background: Associations between employment status and mental health are well-recognised and such associations may have multiple modifying factors which may also contribute to variations in results. Aims: We aimed to investigate associations between non-employment and CMD subcomponents and the extent of their variation across age groups using nationally representative data in Britain. Method: We used a series of national mental health surveys of adults living in private households: the British National Surveys of Psychiatric Morbidity of 1993, 2000, 2007 and 2014. Employment status was the primary exposure of interest. Presence or absence of each fourteen symptoms of common mental disorder (CMD), as the primary outcome, was ascertained identically in all surveys from the revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R). Odds ratio for the association between exposure and outcome and population attributional fractions (PAFs) for each association was calculated. Results: Within the highest-risk 45 to 54 years age group, all odds ratios were statistically significant and strongest associations were observed with panic symptoms (OR = 2.33), followed by depressive symptoms (1.90), worry about physical health (1.84), depression (1.82), forgetfulness (1.82) and somatic symptoms (1.70). In the 55 to 64 years age group, highest population attributable fractions were observed for non-employment as a hypothetical risk factor for panic symptoms (51.7%), phobias (44.2%), forgetfulness (39.5%), depressive symptoms (38.5%), worries about physical health (37.9%) and somatic symptoms (36.0%). Conclusions: The particularly high impact in middle-aged, pre-retirement groups of non-employment on CMD suggests a policy focus on alleviating stressors and providing support for those made redundant and/or compelled to take unwanted early retirement.",

keywords = "British National Surveys of Psychiatric Morbidity, common mental disorder, Employment status, panic symptoms",

author = "Gayan Perera and Jayapala, {K. T.D.D.P.} and Mizanur Khondoker and Karen Glaser and {Di Gessa}, Giorgio and Robert Stewart",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2024.",

year = "2024",

doi = "10.1177/00207640241293351",

language = "English",

journal = "International Journal of Social Psychiatry",

issn = "0020-7640",

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}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Associations of non-employment with common mental disorder subcomponents among working age population

T2 - analysis of national data from 1993, 2000, 2007 and 2014

AU - Perera, Gayan

AU - Jayapala, K. T.D.D.P.

AU - Khondoker, Mizanur

AU - Glaser, Karen

AU - Di Gessa, Giorgio

AU - Stewart, Robert

PY - 2024

Y1 - 2024

N2 - Background: Associations between employment status and mental health are well-recognised and such associations may have multiple modifying factors which may also contribute to variations in results. Aims: We aimed to investigate associations between non-employment and CMD subcomponents and the extent of their variation across age groups using nationally representative data in Britain. Method: We used a series of national mental health surveys of adults living in private households: the British National Surveys of Psychiatric Morbidity of 1993, 2000, 2007 and 2014. Employment status was the primary exposure of interest. Presence or absence of each fourteen symptoms of common mental disorder (CMD), as the primary outcome, was ascertained identically in all surveys from the revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R). Odds ratio for the association between exposure and outcome and population attributional fractions (PAFs) for each association was calculated. Results: Within the highest-risk 45 to 54 years age group, all odds ratios were statistically significant and strongest associations were observed with panic symptoms (OR = 2.33), followed by depressive symptoms (1.90), worry about physical health (1.84), depression (1.82), forgetfulness (1.82) and somatic symptoms (1.70). In the 55 to 64 years age group, highest population attributable fractions were observed for non-employment as a hypothetical risk factor for panic symptoms (51.7%), phobias (44.2%), forgetfulness (39.5%), depressive symptoms (38.5%), worries about physical health (37.9%) and somatic symptoms (36.0%). Conclusions: The particularly high impact in middle-aged, pre-retirement groups of non-employment on CMD suggests a policy focus on alleviating stressors and providing support for those made redundant and/or compelled to take unwanted early retirement.

AB - Background: Associations between employment status and mental health are well-recognised and such associations may have multiple modifying factors which may also contribute to variations in results. Aims: We aimed to investigate associations between non-employment and CMD subcomponents and the extent of their variation across age groups using nationally representative data in Britain. Method: We used a series of national mental health surveys of adults living in private households: the British National Surveys of Psychiatric Morbidity of 1993, 2000, 2007 and 2014. Employment status was the primary exposure of interest. Presence or absence of each fourteen symptoms of common mental disorder (CMD), as the primary outcome, was ascertained identically in all surveys from the revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R). Odds ratio for the association between exposure and outcome and population attributional fractions (PAFs) for each association was calculated. Results: Within the highest-risk 45 to 54 years age group, all odds ratios were statistically significant and strongest associations were observed with panic symptoms (OR = 2.33), followed by depressive symptoms (1.90), worry about physical health (1.84), depression (1.82), forgetfulness (1.82) and somatic symptoms (1.70). In the 55 to 64 years age group, highest population attributable fractions were observed for non-employment as a hypothetical risk factor for panic symptoms (51.7%), phobias (44.2%), forgetfulness (39.5%), depressive symptoms (38.5%), worries about physical health (37.9%) and somatic symptoms (36.0%). Conclusions: The particularly high impact in middle-aged, pre-retirement groups of non-employment on CMD suggests a policy focus on alleviating stressors and providing support for those made redundant and/or compelled to take unwanted early retirement.

KW - British National Surveys of Psychiatric Morbidity

KW - common mental disorder

KW - Employment status

KW - panic symptoms

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U2 - 10.1177/00207640241293351

DO - 10.1177/00207640241293351

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85208921497

SN - 0020-7640

JO - International Journal of Social Psychiatry

JF - International Journal of Social Psychiatry

ER -

Associations of non-employment with common mental disorder subcomponents among working age population: analysis of national data from 1993, 2000, 2007 and 2014

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