TY - JOUR
T1 - Beyond Simpson's Rule
T2 - Accounting for Orientation and Ellipticity Assumptions
AU - Kim, Woo Jin Cho
AU - Beqiri, Arian
AU - Lewandowski, Adam J.
AU - Puyol-Antón, Esther
AU - Markham, Deborah C.
AU - King, Andrew P.
AU - Leeson, Paul
AU - Lamata, Pablo
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors acknowledge funding from Ultromics Limited, the EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Medical Imaging (No. EP/L015226/1) and the Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Medical Engineering (No. WT203148/Z/16/Z). Pablo Lamata holds a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship (No. 209450/Z/17/Z).
Funding Information:
The authors acknowledge funding from Ultromics Limited, the EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Medical Imaging (No. EP/L015226/1) and the Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Medical Engineering (No. WT203148/Z/16/Z). Pablo Lamata holds a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship (No. 209450/Z/17/Z). W.J.C.K. is a PhD student funded at a 50% level by Ultromics Ltd. P. Leeson is the Academic Founder and Non-Executive Director of Ultromics. A.B. and D.M. are Ultromics employees. P. Lamata is a member of the Ultromics Advisory Board. Ultromics is not seeking to protect the intellectual property of the BOD formulation, hoping that all vendors quickly adopt it. The source code and anatomical models are available to other researchers. Source code: https://github.com/woojinchokimm/simpsonsvolume. Anatomical models: DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14933463.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Authors
PY - 2022/12
Y1 - 2022/12
N2 - Simpson's biplane rule (SBR) is considered the gold standard method for left ventricle (LV) volume quantification from echocardiography but relies on a summation-of-disks approach that makes assumptions about LV orientation and cross-sectional shape. We aim to identify key limiting factors in SBR and to develop a new robust standard for volume quantification. Three methods for computing LV volume were studied: (i) SBR, (ii) addition of a truncated basal cone (TBC) to SBR and (iii) a novel method of basal-oriented disks (BODs). Three retrospective cohorts representative of the young, adult healthy and heart failure populations were used to study the impact of anatomical variations in volume computations. Results reveal how basal slanting can cause over- and underestimation of volume, with errors by SBR and TBC >10 mL for slanting angles >6°. Only the BOD method correctly accounted for basal slanting, reducing relative volume errors by SBR from –2.23 ± 2.21% to –0.70 ± 1.91% in the adult population and similar qualitative performance in the other two cohorts. In conclusion, the summation of basal oriented disks, a novel interpretation of SBR, is a more accurate and precise method for estimating LV volume.
AB - Simpson's biplane rule (SBR) is considered the gold standard method for left ventricle (LV) volume quantification from echocardiography but relies on a summation-of-disks approach that makes assumptions about LV orientation and cross-sectional shape. We aim to identify key limiting factors in SBR and to develop a new robust standard for volume quantification. Three methods for computing LV volume were studied: (i) SBR, (ii) addition of a truncated basal cone (TBC) to SBR and (iii) a novel method of basal-oriented disks (BODs). Three retrospective cohorts representative of the young, adult healthy and heart failure populations were used to study the impact of anatomical variations in volume computations. Results reveal how basal slanting can cause over- and underestimation of volume, with errors by SBR and TBC >10 mL for slanting angles >6°. Only the BOD method correctly accounted for basal slanting, reducing relative volume errors by SBR from –2.23 ± 2.21% to –0.70 ± 1.91% in the adult population and similar qualitative performance in the other two cohorts. In conclusion, the summation of basal oriented disks, a novel interpretation of SBR, is a more accurate and precise method for estimating LV volume.
KW - Apical chamber views
KW - Left ventricle volumes
KW - Modified Simpson's biplane rule
KW - Two-dimensional echocardiography
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85138507403&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.07.013
DO - 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.07.013
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85138507403
SN - 0301-5629
VL - 48
SP - 2476
EP - 2485
JO - Ultrasound in medicine & biology
JF - Ultrasound in medicine & biology
IS - 12
ER -