Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Hatem A F M Hassan, Lesley Smyth, Noelia Rubio, Kulachelvy Ratnasothy, Julie T-W Wang, Sukhvinder S Bansal, Huw D Summers, Sandra Diebold, Giovanna Lombardi, Khuloud T Al-Jamal
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 205–216 |
Journal | Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society |
Volume | 225 |
Early online date | 21 Jan 2016 |
DOIs | |
Accepted/In press | 18 Jan 2016 |
E-pub ahead of print | 21 Jan 2016 |
Published | 10 Mar 2016 |
Carbon nanotubes' surface_HASSAN_Accepted18Jan2016_GOLD VoR
1_s2.0_S0168365916300281_main.pdf, 2.19 MB, application/pdf
Uploaded date:05 Feb 2016
Version:Final published version
Licence:CC BY
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have shown marked capabilities in enhancing antigen delivery to antigen presenting cells. However, proper understanding of how altering the physical properties of CNTs may influence antigen uptake by antigen presenting cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), has not been established yet. We hypothesized that altering the physical properties of multi-walled CNTs (MWNTs)-antigen conjugates, e.g. length and surface charge, can affect the internalization of MWNT-antigen by DCs, hence the induced immune response potency. For this purpose, pristine MWNTs (p-MWNTs) were exposed to various chemical reactions to modify their physical properties then conjugated to ovalbumin (OVA), a model antigen. The yielded MWNTs-OVA conjugates were long MWNT-OVA (~386nm), bearing net positive charge (5.8mV), or short MWNTs-OVA (~122nm) of increasing negative charges (-23.4, -35.8 or -39mV). Compared to the short MWNTs-OVA bearing high negative charges, short MWNT-OVA with the lowest negative charge demonstrated better cellular uptake and OVA-specific immune response both in vitro and in vivo. However, long positively-charged MWNT-OVA showed limited cellular uptake and OVA specific immune response in contrast to short MWNT-OVA displaying the least negative charge. We suggest that reduction in charge negativity of MWNT-antigen conjugate enhances cellular uptake and thus the elicited immune response intensity. Nevertheless, length of MWNT-antigen conjugate might also affect the cellular uptake and immune response potency; highlighting the importance of physical properties as a consideration in designing a MWNT-based vaccine delivery system.
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