Cardiovascular and lifestyle risk factors of mild cognitive impairment in UK veterans and non-veterans

Rebecca Akhanemhe; Sharon Stevelink; C. Ballard; H. Brooker; B. Creese; D. Aarsland; A. Hampshire; Neil Greenberg

doi:10.1093/occmed/kqae027

Cardiovascular and lifestyle risk factors of mild cognitive impairment in UK veterans and non-veterans

Rebecca Akhanemhe, Sharon Stevelink, C. Ballard, H. Brooker, B. Creese, D. Aarsland, A. Hampshire, Neil Greenberg

King's College London

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Abstract

Background: The link between poor cardiovascular health (CVH), lifestyle and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been well established in the general population. However, there is limited research exploring these associations in ageing UK veterans. Aims: This study explored the risk of MCI and its association with nine CVH and lifestyle risk factors (including diabetes, heart disease, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, obesity, stroke, physical inactivity, the frequency of alcohol consumption and smoking) in UK veterans and non-veterans. Methods: This prospective cohort study comprised data from the PROTECT study between 2014 and 2022. Participants comprised of UK military veterans and non-veterans aged ≥50 years at baseline. Veteran status was defined using the Military Service History Questionnaire. CVH and lifestyle risk factors were defined using a combination of self-report measures, medication history or physical measurements. MCI was defined as the presence of subjective and objective cognitive impairment. Results: Based on a sample of 9378 veterans (n = 488) and non-veterans (n = 8890), the findings showed the risk of MCI significantly reduced in veterans with obesity, those who frequently consumed alcohol and were physically inactive compared to non-veterans. The risk of MCI significantly increased in veterans with diabetes (hazards ratio [HR] = 2.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–4.75, P ≤ 0.05) or high cholesterol (HR = 3.11, 95% CI 1.64–5.87, P ≤ 0.05) compared to veterans without. Conclusions: This study identified CVH and lifestyle factors of MCI in UK veterans and non-veterans. Further work is needed to understand these associations and the underpinning mechanisms which could determine intervention strategies to reduce the risk of MCI.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	274-282
Number of pages	9
Journal	Occupational Medicine
Volume	74
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqae027
Publication status	Published - 1 May 2024

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Akanehme 2024 cardiovascular life style factors MCI OM 2024Licence: CC BY

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title = "Cardiovascular and lifestyle risk factors of mild cognitive impairment in UK veterans and non-veterans",

abstract = "Background: The link between poor cardiovascular health (CVH), lifestyle and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been well established in the general population. However, there is limited research exploring these associations in ageing UK veterans. Aims: This study explored the risk of MCI and its association with nine CVH and lifestyle risk factors (including diabetes, heart disease, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, obesity, stroke, physical inactivity, the frequency of alcohol consumption and smoking) in UK veterans and non-veterans. Methods: This prospective cohort study comprised data from the PROTECT study between 2014 and 2022. Participants comprised of UK military veterans and non-veterans aged ≥50 years at baseline. Veteran status was defined using the Military Service History Questionnaire. CVH and lifestyle risk factors were defined using a combination of self-report measures, medication history or physical measurements. MCI was defined as the presence of subjective and objective cognitive impairment. Results: Based on a sample of 9378 veterans (n = 488) and non-veterans (n = 8890), the findings showed the risk of MCI significantly reduced in veterans with obesity, those who frequently consumed alcohol and were physically inactive compared to non-veterans. The risk of MCI significantly increased in veterans with diabetes (hazards ratio [HR] = 2.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–4.75, P ≤ 0.05) or high cholesterol (HR = 3.11, 95% CI 1.64–5.87, P ≤ 0.05) compared to veterans without. Conclusions: This study identified CVH and lifestyle factors of MCI in UK veterans and non-veterans. Further work is needed to understand these associations and the underpinning mechanisms which could determine intervention strategies to reduce the risk of MCI.",

author = "Rebecca Akhanemhe and Sharon Stevelink and C. Ballard and H. Brooker and B. Creese and D. Aarsland and A. Hampshire and Neil Greenberg",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Occupational Medicine.",

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doi = "10.1093/occmed/kqae027",

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T1 - Cardiovascular and lifestyle risk factors of mild cognitive impairment in UK veterans and non-veterans

AU - Akhanemhe, Rebecca

AU - Stevelink, Sharon

AU - Ballard, C.

AU - Brooker, H.

AU - Creese, B.

AU - Aarsland, D.

AU - Hampshire, A.

AU - Greenberg, Neil

PY - 2024/5/1

Y1 - 2024/5/1

N2 - Background: The link between poor cardiovascular health (CVH), lifestyle and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been well established in the general population. However, there is limited research exploring these associations in ageing UK veterans. Aims: This study explored the risk of MCI and its association with nine CVH and lifestyle risk factors (including diabetes, heart disease, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, obesity, stroke, physical inactivity, the frequency of alcohol consumption and smoking) in UK veterans and non-veterans. Methods: This prospective cohort study comprised data from the PROTECT study between 2014 and 2022. Participants comprised of UK military veterans and non-veterans aged ≥50 years at baseline. Veteran status was defined using the Military Service History Questionnaire. CVH and lifestyle risk factors were defined using a combination of self-report measures, medication history or physical measurements. MCI was defined as the presence of subjective and objective cognitive impairment. Results: Based on a sample of 9378 veterans (n = 488) and non-veterans (n = 8890), the findings showed the risk of MCI significantly reduced in veterans with obesity, those who frequently consumed alcohol and were physically inactive compared to non-veterans. The risk of MCI significantly increased in veterans with diabetes (hazards ratio [HR] = 2.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–4.75, P ≤ 0.05) or high cholesterol (HR = 3.11, 95% CI 1.64–5.87, P ≤ 0.05) compared to veterans without. Conclusions: This study identified CVH and lifestyle factors of MCI in UK veterans and non-veterans. Further work is needed to understand these associations and the underpinning mechanisms which could determine intervention strategies to reduce the risk of MCI.

AB - Background: The link between poor cardiovascular health (CVH), lifestyle and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been well established in the general population. However, there is limited research exploring these associations in ageing UK veterans. Aims: This study explored the risk of MCI and its association with nine CVH and lifestyle risk factors (including diabetes, heart disease, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, obesity, stroke, physical inactivity, the frequency of alcohol consumption and smoking) in UK veterans and non-veterans. Methods: This prospective cohort study comprised data from the PROTECT study between 2014 and 2022. Participants comprised of UK military veterans and non-veterans aged ≥50 years at baseline. Veteran status was defined using the Military Service History Questionnaire. CVH and lifestyle risk factors were defined using a combination of self-report measures, medication history or physical measurements. MCI was defined as the presence of subjective and objective cognitive impairment. Results: Based on a sample of 9378 veterans (n = 488) and non-veterans (n = 8890), the findings showed the risk of MCI significantly reduced in veterans with obesity, those who frequently consumed alcohol and were physically inactive compared to non-veterans. The risk of MCI significantly increased in veterans with diabetes (hazards ratio [HR] = 2.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–4.75, P ≤ 0.05) or high cholesterol (HR = 3.11, 95% CI 1.64–5.87, P ≤ 0.05) compared to veterans without. Conclusions: This study identified CVH and lifestyle factors of MCI in UK veterans and non-veterans. Further work is needed to understand these associations and the underpinning mechanisms which could determine intervention strategies to reduce the risk of MCI.

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U2 - 10.1093/occmed/kqae027

DO - 10.1093/occmed/kqae027

M3 - Article

SN - 0962-7480

VL - 74

SP - 274

EP - 282

JO - Occupational Medicine

JF - Occupational Medicine

IS - 4

ER -

Cardiovascular and lifestyle risk factors of mild cognitive impairment in UK veterans and non-veterans

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