@article{98cff99e357a4fe897a1cabaaff402f4,
title = "Catatonia: Demographic, clinical and laboratory associations",
abstract = "Background Catatonia, a severe neuropsychiatric syndrome, has few studies of sufficient scale to clarify its epidemiology or pathophysiology. We aimed to characterise demographic associations, peripheral inflammatory markers and outcome of catatonia. Methods Electronic healthcare records were searched for validated clinical diagnoses of catatonia. In a case-control study, demographics and inflammatory markers were compared in psychiatric inpatients with and without catatonia. In a cohort study, the two groups were compared in terms of their duration of admission and mortality. Results We identified 1456 patients with catatonia (of whom 25.1% had two or more episodes) and 24 956 psychiatric inpatients without catatonia. Incidence was 10.6 episodes of catatonia per 100 000 person-years. Patients with and without catatonia were similar in sex, younger and more likely to be of Black ethnicity. Serum iron was reduced in patients with catatonia [11.6 v. 14.2 mol/L, odds ratio (OR) 0.65 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.45-0.95), p = 0.03] and creatine kinase was raised [2545 v. 459 IU/L, OR 1.53 (95% CI 1.29-1.81), p < 0.001], but there was no difference in C-reactive protein or white cell count. N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptor antibodies were significantly associated with catatonia, but there were small numbers of positive results. Duration of hospitalisation was greater in the catatonia group (median: 43 v. 25 days), but there was no difference in mortality after adjustment. Conclusions In the largest clinical study of catatonia, we found catatonia occurred in approximately 1 per 10 000 person-years. Evidence for a proinflammatory state was mixed. Catatonia was associated with prolonged inpatient admission but not with increased mortality.",
keywords = "admission, Catatonia, epidemiology, incidence, inflammation, mortality, NMDA receptor",
author = "Rogers, {Jonathan P.} and Pollak, {Thomas A.} and Nazifa Begum and Anna Griffin and Ben Carter and Megan Pritchard and Matthew Broadbent and Anna Kolliakou and Jessie Ke and Robert Stewart and Rashmi Patel and Adrian Bomford and Ali Amad and Zandi, {Michael S.} and Glyn Lewis and Nicholson, {Timothy R.} and David, {Anthony S.}",
note = "Funding Information: This paper represents independent research part-funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. Funding Information: JPR was supported by an NIHR Academic Clinical Fellowship (ACF-2016-17-007) and a Wellcome Trust Ph.D. Training Fellowship for Clinicians (220659/Z/20/Z). TAP is supported by an NIHR Clinical Lectureship. RP has received support from a Medical Research Council (MRC) Health Data Research UK Fellowship (MR/S003118/1) and a Starter Grant for Clinical Lecturers (SGL015/1020) supported by the Academy of Medical Sciences, The Wellcome Trust, MRC, British Heart Foundation, Arthritis Research UK, the Royal College of Physicians and Diabetes UK. MSZ, GL and ASD are supported by the NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre. MB, MP and AK are part-funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London. RS is part-funded by: (i) the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London; (ii) a Medical Research Council (MRC) Mental Health Data Pathfinder Award to King's College London; (iii) an NIHR Senior Investigator Award; (iv) the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration South London (NIHR ARC South London) at King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press.",
year = "2023",
month = apr,
day = "2",
doi = "10.1017/S0033291721004402",
language = "English",
volume = "53",
pages = "2492--2502",
journal = "Psychological Medicine",
issn = "0033-2917",
publisher = "Cambridge University Press",
number = "6",
}