Cognitive and neurophysiological markers of ADHD persistence and remission

Celeste Cheung; Fruhling Rijsdijk; Gráinne McLoughlin; Daniel Brandeis; Tobias Banaschewski; Philip Asherson; Jonna Kuntsi

doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.114.145185

Cognitive and neurophysiological markers of ADHD persistence and remission

Celeste Cheung, Fruhling Rijsdijk, Gráinne McLoughlin, Daniel Brandeis, Tobias Banaschewski, Philip Asherson, Jonna Kuntsi

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Abstract

Background: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) persists in around two-thirds of individuals in adolescence and early adulthood.

Aims: To examine the cognitive and neurophysiological processes underlying the persistence or remission of ADHD.

Method: Follow-up data were obtained from 110 young people with childhood ADHD and 169 controls on cognitive, electroencephalogram frequency, event-related potential (ERP) and actigraph movement measures after 6 years.

Results: ADHD persisters differed from remitters on preparation-vigilance measures (contingent negative variation, delta activity, reaction time variability and omission errors), IQ and actigraph count, but not on executive control measures of inhibition or working memory (nogo-P3 amplitudes, commission errors and digit span backwards).

Conclusions: Preparation-vigilance measures were markers of remission, improving concurrently with ADHD symptoms, whereas executive control measures were not sensitive to ADHD persistence/remission. For IQ, the present and previous results combined suggest a role in moderating ADHD outcome. These findings fit with previously identified aetiological separation of the cognitive impairments in ADHD. The strongest candidates for the development of non-pharmacological interventions involving cognitive training and neurofeedback are the preparation-vigilance processes that were markers of ADHD remission.

Original language	English
Number of pages	8
Journal	British Journal of Psychiatry
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.114.145185
Publication status	Published - 6 Aug 2015

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Cognitive and neurophysiological markers_CHEUNG_Published6August2015_GREEN AAMAccepted author manuscript, 1.09 MB

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title = "Cognitive and neurophysiological markers of ADHD persistence and remission",

abstract = "Background: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) persists in around two-thirds of individuals in adolescence and early adulthood.Aims: To examine the cognitive and neurophysiological processes underlying the persistence or remission of ADHD.Method: Follow-up data were obtained from 110 young people with childhood ADHD and 169 controls on cognitive, electroencephalogram frequency, event-related potential (ERP) and actigraph movement measures after 6 years.Results: ADHD persisters differed from remitters on preparation-vigilance measures (contingent negative variation, delta activity, reaction time variability and omission errors), IQ and actigraph count, but not on executive control measures of inhibition or working memory (nogo-P3 amplitudes, commission errors and digit span backwards).Conclusions: Preparation-vigilance measures were markers of remission, improving concurrently with ADHD symptoms, whereas executive control measures were not sensitive to ADHD persistence/remission. For IQ, the present and previous results combined suggest a role in moderating ADHD outcome. These findings fit with previously identified aetiological separation of the cognitive impairments in ADHD. The strongest candidates for the development of non-pharmacological interventions involving cognitive training and neurofeedback are the preparation-vigilance processes that were markers of ADHD remission.",

author = "Celeste Cheung and Fruhling Rijsdijk and Gr{\'a}inne McLoughlin and Daniel Brandeis and Tobias Banaschewski and Philip Asherson and Jonna Kuntsi",

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year = "2015",

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doi = "10.1192/bjp.bp.114.145185",

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T1 - Cognitive and neurophysiological markers of ADHD persistence and remission

AU - Cheung, Celeste

AU - Rijsdijk, Fruhling

AU - McLoughlin, Gráinne

AU - Brandeis, Daniel

AU - Banaschewski, Tobias

AU - Asherson, Philip

AU - Kuntsi, Jonna

PY - 2015/8/6

Y1 - 2015/8/6

N2 - Background: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) persists in around two-thirds of individuals in adolescence and early adulthood.Aims: To examine the cognitive and neurophysiological processes underlying the persistence or remission of ADHD.Method: Follow-up data were obtained from 110 young people with childhood ADHD and 169 controls on cognitive, electroencephalogram frequency, event-related potential (ERP) and actigraph movement measures after 6 years.Results: ADHD persisters differed from remitters on preparation-vigilance measures (contingent negative variation, delta activity, reaction time variability and omission errors), IQ and actigraph count, but not on executive control measures of inhibition or working memory (nogo-P3 amplitudes, commission errors and digit span backwards).Conclusions: Preparation-vigilance measures were markers of remission, improving concurrently with ADHD symptoms, whereas executive control measures were not sensitive to ADHD persistence/remission. For IQ, the present and previous results combined suggest a role in moderating ADHD outcome. These findings fit with previously identified aetiological separation of the cognitive impairments in ADHD. The strongest candidates for the development of non-pharmacological interventions involving cognitive training and neurofeedback are the preparation-vigilance processes that were markers of ADHD remission.

AB - Background: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) persists in around two-thirds of individuals in adolescence and early adulthood.Aims: To examine the cognitive and neurophysiological processes underlying the persistence or remission of ADHD.Method: Follow-up data were obtained from 110 young people with childhood ADHD and 169 controls on cognitive, electroencephalogram frequency, event-related potential (ERP) and actigraph movement measures after 6 years.Results: ADHD persisters differed from remitters on preparation-vigilance measures (contingent negative variation, delta activity, reaction time variability and omission errors), IQ and actigraph count, but not on executive control measures of inhibition or working memory (nogo-P3 amplitudes, commission errors and digit span backwards).Conclusions: Preparation-vigilance measures were markers of remission, improving concurrently with ADHD symptoms, whereas executive control measures were not sensitive to ADHD persistence/remission. For IQ, the present and previous results combined suggest a role in moderating ADHD outcome. These findings fit with previously identified aetiological separation of the cognitive impairments in ADHD. The strongest candidates for the development of non-pharmacological interventions involving cognitive training and neurofeedback are the preparation-vigilance processes that were markers of ADHD remission.

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DO - 10.1192/bjp.bp.114.145185

M3 - Article

C2 - 26250744

SN - 0007-1250

JO - British Journal of Psychiatry

JF - British Journal of Psychiatry

ER -

Cognitive and neurophysiological markers of ADHD persistence and remission

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