Convection patterns in nonequilibrium Kawasaki dynamics at low temperature

TY - JOUR

T1 - Convection patterns in nonequilibrium Kawasaki dynamics at low temperature

AU - Van Den Brande, Meander

AU - Adachi, Kyosuke

AU - Huveneers, Francois

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2026 authors. Published by the American Physical Society.

PY - 2026/7/27

Y1 - 2026/7/27

N2 - We study a conservative stochastic lattice gas (Kawasaki dynamics) coupled in the bulk to a heat bath, which leads to standard phase separation at low uniform temperatures. Instead, a macroscopic temperature gradient drives the system into a nonequilibrium steady state. In this state, the usual long-range order is replaced by robust convection patterns, featuring regularly spaced stripe structures. We show that these nonequilibrium states differ markedly from equilibrium configurations with the same local temperature profiles. Finally, we develop a macroscopic description that captures these behaviors and provides a unified framework for understanding the observed patterns.

AB - We study a conservative stochastic lattice gas (Kawasaki dynamics) coupled in the bulk to a heat bath, which leads to standard phase separation at low uniform temperatures. Instead, a macroscopic temperature gradient drives the system into a nonequilibrium steady state. In this state, the usual long-range order is replaced by robust convection patterns, featuring regularly spaced stripe structures. We show that these nonequilibrium states differ markedly from equilibrium configurations with the same local temperature profiles. Finally, we develop a macroscopic description that captures these behaviors and provides a unified framework for understanding the observed patterns.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105046011561

U2 - 10.1103/r6d8-bcd1

DO - 10.1103/r6d8-bcd1

M3 - Article

SN - 2470-0045

VL - 114

JO - Physical Review E

JF - Physical Review E

IS - 1

M1 - 014147

ER -