TY - JOUR
T1 - Cortical responses to social stimuli in infants at elevated likelihood of ASD and/or ADHD
T2 - A prospective cross-condition fNIRS study
AU - Blanco, Borja
AU - Lloyd-Fox, Sarah
AU - Begum-Ali, Jannath
AU - Pirazzoli, Laura
AU - Goodwin, Amy
AU - Mason, Luke
AU - Pasco, Greg
AU - Charman, Tony
AU - Jones, Emily J.H.
AU - Johnson, Mark H.
AU - Agyapong, Mary
AU - Bazelmans, Tessel
AU - Blasi, Anna
AU - Cheung, Celeste
AU - Dafner, Leila
AU - Elsabbagh, Mayada
AU - Ersoy, Mutluhan
AU - Gliga, Teodora
AU - Haartsen, Rianne
AU - Halkola, Hanna
AU - Hendry, Alexandra
AU - Holman, Rebecca
AU - Kalwarowsky, Sarah
AU - Kolesnik, Anna
AU - Narvekar, Nisha
AU - Taylor, Chloë
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by awards from the Medical Research Council ( MR/K021389/1 ; MHJ, TC), MQ (MQ14PP_83, MHJ, EJHJ, TC). Further, this work was also supported by the EU-AIMS and AIMS-2-TRIALS programmes funded by the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) Joint Undertaking Grant Nos. 115300 (MHJ, TC) and No. 777394 (MHJ, EJHJ and TC; European Union’s FP7 and Horizon 2020; respectively). This Joint Undertaking receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, with in-kind contributions from the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA) companies and funding from Autism Speaks, Autistica and SFARI. We would like to thank the researchers who helped with data collection and recruitment: Kim Davies, Janice Fernandes and Natalie Vaz. We would also like to thank the placement students who helped in data collection and entry: Francesca Conti, Meg Jackson and Zoë Freeman. Finally, we would like to warmly thank all the parents and infants that took part in this study. The BASIS/STAARS team consists of: Mary Agyapong, Tessel Bazelmans, Anna Blasi, Celeste Cheung, Leila Dafner, Mayada Elsabbagh, Mutluhan Ersoy, Teodora Gliga, Amy Goodwin, Rianne Haartsen, Hanna Halkola, Alexandra Hendry, Rebecca Holman, Sarah Kalwarowsky, Anna Kolesnik, Nisha Narvekar, Laura Pirazzoli and Chloë Taylor.
Funding Information:
Mark H. Johnson, Emily J.H. Jones and Tony Charman acknowledge financial support from the UK Medical Research Council (Programme Grant MR/T003057/1). Sarah Lloyd-Fox acknowledges financial support from the UKRI FLF (grant MR/5018425/1).
Funding Information:
The data used to support the findings of this study are stored in the British Autism Study of Infant Siblings (BASIS) Network Data Repository. The conditions of our ethics approval do not allow public archiving of pseudonymised study data. The data cannot be fully anonymized due to the nature of combined sources of information, such as neuroimaging, sociodemographic and clinical outcome measures, making it possible to attribute data to specific individuals, and hence, falling under personal information, the release of which would not be compliant with GDPR guidelines unless additional participant consent forms are completed. Our data sharing procedures were created in consultation with stakeholders (Begum-Ali et al., 2023). To access the data, interested readers should contact the BASIS network coordinator at [email protected]. Access will be granted to named individuals following ethical procedures governing the reuse of sensitive data. Specifically, requestors must pre-register their proposal, and clearly explain the purpose of the analysis so as to ensure that the purpose and nature of the research is consistent with that to which participating families originally consented. Additionally, requestors must complete and sign a data sharing agreement to ensure data is stored securely. Approved projects would need to adhere to the network's policies on Ethics, Data Sharing, Authorship and Publication. Please refer to the BASIS data sharing policies available at https://www.basisnetwork.org/collaboration-and-project-affiliation/index.html for further details on the data access process and requirements. Legal copyright restrictions prevent public archiving of MSEL, SRS-2 and CBCL-P which can be obtained from the copyright holders in the cited references. No part of the study procedures or analysis plans was preregistered prior to the research being conducted.Mark H. Johnson, Emily J.H. Jones and Tony Charman acknowledge financial support from the UK Medical Research Council (Programme Grant MR/T003057/1). Sarah Lloyd-Fox acknowledges financial support from the UKRI FLF (grant MR/5018425/1).This research was supported by awards from the Medical Research Council (MR/K021389/1; MHJ, TC), MQ (MQ14PP_83, MHJ, EJHJ, TC). Further, this work was also supported by the EU-AIMS and AIMS-2-TRIALS programmes funded by the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) Joint Undertaking Grant Nos. 115300 (MHJ, TC) and No. 777394 (MHJ, EJHJ and TC; European Union's FP7 and Horizon 2020; respectively). This Joint Undertaking receives support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, with in-kind contributions from the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA) companies and funding from Autism Speaks, Autistica and SFARI. We would like to thank the researchers who helped with data collection and recruitment: Kim Davies, Janice Fernandes and Natalie Vaz. We would also like to thank the placement students who helped in data collection and entry: Francesca Conti, Meg Jackson and Zoë Freeman. Finally, we would like to warmly thank all the parents and infants that took part in this study. The BASIS/STAARS team consists of: Mary Agyapong, Tessel Bazelmans, Anna Blasi, Celeste Cheung, Leila Dafner, Mayada Elsabbagh, Mutluhan Ersoy, Teodora Gliga, Amy Goodwin, Rianne Haartsen, Hanna Halkola, Alexandra Hendry, Rebecca Holman, Sarah Kalwarowsky, Anna Kolesnik, Nisha Narvekar, Laura Pirazzoli and Chloë Taylor.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Author(s)
PY - 2023/12
Y1 - 2023/12
N2 - Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are highly prevalent neurodevelopmental conditions that often co-occur and present both common and distinct neurodevelopmental profiles. Studying the developmental pathways leading to the emergence of ASD and/or ADHD symptomatology is crucial in understanding neurodiversity and discovering the mechanisms that underpin it. This study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to investigate differences in cortical specialization to social stimuli between 4- to 6-month-old infants at typical and elevated likelihood of ASD and/or ADHD. Results showed that infants at both elevated likelihood of ASD and ADHD had reduced selectivity to vocal sounds in left middle and superior temporal gyrus. Furthermore, infants at elevated likelihood of ASD showed attenuated responses to visual social stimuli in several cortical regions compared to infants at typical likelihood. Individual brain responses to visual social stimuli were associated with later autism traits, but not ADHD traits. These outcomes support our previous observations showing atypical social brain responses in infants at elevated likelihood of ASD and align with later atypical brain responses to social stimuli observed in children and adults with ASD. These findings highlight the importance of characterizing antecedent biomarkers of atypicalities in processing socially relevant information that might contribute to both phenotypic overlap and divergence across ASD and ADHD conditions and their association with the later emergence of behavioural symptoms.
AB - Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are highly prevalent neurodevelopmental conditions that often co-occur and present both common and distinct neurodevelopmental profiles. Studying the developmental pathways leading to the emergence of ASD and/or ADHD symptomatology is crucial in understanding neurodiversity and discovering the mechanisms that underpin it. This study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to investigate differences in cortical specialization to social stimuli between 4- to 6-month-old infants at typical and elevated likelihood of ASD and/or ADHD. Results showed that infants at both elevated likelihood of ASD and ADHD had reduced selectivity to vocal sounds in left middle and superior temporal gyrus. Furthermore, infants at elevated likelihood of ASD showed attenuated responses to visual social stimuli in several cortical regions compared to infants at typical likelihood. Individual brain responses to visual social stimuli were associated with later autism traits, but not ADHD traits. These outcomes support our previous observations showing atypical social brain responses in infants at elevated likelihood of ASD and align with later atypical brain responses to social stimuli observed in children and adults with ASD. These findings highlight the importance of characterizing antecedent biomarkers of atypicalities in processing socially relevant information that might contribute to both phenotypic overlap and divergence across ASD and ADHD conditions and their association with the later emergence of behavioural symptoms.
KW - ADHD
KW - ASD
KW - fNIRS
KW - Infants
KW - Social stimuli
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85173847170&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.07.010
DO - 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.07.010
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85173847170
SN - 0010-9452
VL - 169
SP - 18
EP - 34
JO - Cortex
JF - Cortex
ER -