TY - JOUR
T1 - Default mode network connectivity and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adolescence
T2 - Associations with delay aversion and temporal discounting, but not mind wandering
AU - Broulidakis, M. John
AU - Golm, Dennis
AU - Cortese, Samuele
AU - Fairchild, Graeme
AU - Sonuga-Barke, Edmund
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was funded by University of Southampton studentship funding awarded to Dr Broulidakis.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2022/3
Y1 - 2022/3
N2 - Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with reduced resting state connectivity in the core subsystem of the default mode network (DMN; medial prefrontal cortex – posterior cingulate cortex). However, the neuropsychological consequences of this hypoconnectivity remain to be determined. Building on recent theoretical models of DMN function, we tested the association between DMN hypo-connectivity and three neuropsychological processes previously implicated in ADHD: (i) excessive task-unrelated spontaneous thought (i.e., mind-wandering); (ii) sub-optimal decision-making due to exaggerated temporal discounting; and (iii) delay aversion – a heightened emotional response to the imposition or experience of delay. Methods: Twenty male adolescents with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD and 18 typically developing adolescents (all aged 11–16 years) underwent a resting-state fMRI scan to assess DMN connectivity. An experimental paradigm was used to assess temporal discounting and self-report questionnaires were used to measure mind wandering and delay aversion. Results: ADHD was significantly associated with DMN hypo-connectivity specifically in the core subsystem, elevated levels of mind-wandering, delay aversion, and temporal discounting. Mediation analysis suggested that DMN hypoconnectivity mediated the link between ADHD and delay aversion. Conclusion: The results provide initial evidence that disturbances in the DMN may impair ability to regulate delay-related negative affect in adolescents with ADHD.
AB - Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with reduced resting state connectivity in the core subsystem of the default mode network (DMN; medial prefrontal cortex – posterior cingulate cortex). However, the neuropsychological consequences of this hypoconnectivity remain to be determined. Building on recent theoretical models of DMN function, we tested the association between DMN hypo-connectivity and three neuropsychological processes previously implicated in ADHD: (i) excessive task-unrelated spontaneous thought (i.e., mind-wandering); (ii) sub-optimal decision-making due to exaggerated temporal discounting; and (iii) delay aversion – a heightened emotional response to the imposition or experience of delay. Methods: Twenty male adolescents with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD and 18 typically developing adolescents (all aged 11–16 years) underwent a resting-state fMRI scan to assess DMN connectivity. An experimental paradigm was used to assess temporal discounting and self-report questionnaires were used to measure mind wandering and delay aversion. Results: ADHD was significantly associated with DMN hypo-connectivity specifically in the core subsystem, elevated levels of mind-wandering, delay aversion, and temporal discounting. Mediation analysis suggested that DMN hypoconnectivity mediated the link between ADHD and delay aversion. Conclusion: The results provide initial evidence that disturbances in the DMN may impair ability to regulate delay-related negative affect in adolescents with ADHD.
KW - ADHD
KW - Default mode network
KW - Delay aversion
KW - fMRI
KW - Mind-wandering
KW - Temporal discounting
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85122978134&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.01.007
DO - 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.01.007
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85122978134
SN - 0167-8760
VL - 173
SP - 38
EP - 44
JO - International Journal of Psychophysiology
JF - International Journal of Psychophysiology
ER -