Diagnosis of right-sided varicocele: A retrospective comparative study between clinical examination, Doppler findings, US imaging and vascular anatomy at phlebography

TY - JOUR

T1 - Diagnosis of right-sided varicocele: A retrospective comparative study between clinical examination, Doppler findings, US imaging and vascular anatomy at phlebography

AU - Cariati, Maurizio

AU - Pieri, Stefano

AU - Agresti, Paolo

AU - Cariati, Massimiliano

AU - Candito, Davide Fabio

AU - Damiani, Giovanni

AU - Marzano, Domenico

PY - 2012/9

Y1 - 2012/9

N2 - Historically varicocele is diagnosed almost exclusively on the left side. The introduction of new imaging techniques has allowed the identification and characterization of right varicocele. This study aims to compare the diagnostic accuracy of various imaging techniques to data obtained using phlebography in the diagnosis of right varicocele.Patients treated for isolated right varicocele between 1992 and 2010 were retrospectively identified. Data from clinical examination, Doppler-USS, Color-Doppler-USS and Retrograde Phlebography were collected for each patient.133 out of 4305 patients (3.1%) presented with an isolated right varicocele.34 of these patients (25.6%) presented with palpable right varicocele. Doppler-USS identified various degrees of type I right venous reflux in 90 patients (67.7%).Phlebography showed venous reflux in all the patients (133), although with variability in terms of internal spermatic vein anatomy.Right varicocele is characterized by predictable anatomic features. Identification and characterization of these features is useful in guiding percutaneous treatment, allowing to optimize radiological display and reducing failure rate. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

AB - Historically varicocele is diagnosed almost exclusively on the left side. The introduction of new imaging techniques has allowed the identification and characterization of right varicocele. This study aims to compare the diagnostic accuracy of various imaging techniques to data obtained using phlebography in the diagnosis of right varicocele.Patients treated for isolated right varicocele between 1992 and 2010 were retrospectively identified. Data from clinical examination, Doppler-USS, Color-Doppler-USS and Retrograde Phlebography were collected for each patient.133 out of 4305 patients (3.1%) presented with an isolated right varicocele.34 of these patients (25.6%) presented with palpable right varicocele. Doppler-USS identified various degrees of type I right venous reflux in 90 patients (67.7%).Phlebography showed venous reflux in all the patients (133), although with variability in terms of internal spermatic vein anatomy.Right varicocele is characterized by predictable anatomic features. Identification and characterization of these features is useful in guiding percutaneous treatment, allowing to optimize radiological display and reducing failure rate. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

U2 - 10.1016/j.ejrad.2011.05.015

DO - 10.1016/j.ejrad.2011.05.015

M3 - Article

SN - 0720-048X

VL - 81

SP - 1998

EP - 2006

JO - European Journal of Radiology

JF - European Journal of Radiology

IS - 9

ER -