Dietary and Nutritional Regulation

TY - CHAP

T1 - Dietary and Nutritional Regulation

AU - Murphy, T.

AU - Thuret, S.

PY - 2016/4/15

Y1 - 2016/4/15

N2 - A fundamental role of stem cells is to change their activities throughout the life span in response to changing environmental, growth, and regeneration demands, processes intimately linked to diet and nutritional changes. Dietary paradigms such as caloric restriction (a consistent reduction of total daily food intake) and intermittent fasting (typically achieved by every-other-day feeding) and nutritional supplementation with polyphenols and polyunsaturated fatty acids have been consistently demonstrated to positively impact on adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) in model species. In this chapter, we give an overview of the modulation of proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus, as well as discussing related molecular mechanisms and behavioral outcomes in response to differing dietary paradigms and nutritional supplementation. We first focus on physiological contexts but also outline how diet and nutrition can also be used to reverse negative changes and preserve the integrity of AHN under conditions of psychopathology, aging, and disease. Despite the absence of an accepted readout of AHN in humans, we conclude this chapter by describing supporting evidence from epidemiological and intervention studies that have demonstrated the positive impacts of diet and nutrition on learning, memory, and mood in nonclinical and clinical settings, and also consider the obstacles that prevent translation of the encouraging work in model species into efficacious treatments for humans.

AB - A fundamental role of stem cells is to change their activities throughout the life span in response to changing environmental, growth, and regeneration demands, processes intimately linked to diet and nutritional changes. Dietary paradigms such as caloric restriction (a consistent reduction of total daily food intake) and intermittent fasting (typically achieved by every-other-day feeding) and nutritional supplementation with polyphenols and polyunsaturated fatty acids have been consistently demonstrated to positively impact on adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) in model species. In this chapter, we give an overview of the modulation of proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus, as well as discussing related molecular mechanisms and behavioral outcomes in response to differing dietary paradigms and nutritional supplementation. We first focus on physiological contexts but also outline how diet and nutrition can also be used to reverse negative changes and preserve the integrity of AHN under conditions of psychopathology, aging, and disease. Despite the absence of an accepted readout of AHN in humans, we conclude this chapter by describing supporting evidence from epidemiological and intervention studies that have demonstrated the positive impacts of diet and nutrition on learning, memory, and mood in nonclinical and clinical settings, and also consider the obstacles that prevent translation of the encouraging work in model species into efficacious treatments for humans.

KW - Adult hippocampal neurogenesis

KW - Aging

KW - Alzheimer's disease

KW - Calorie restriction

KW - Diet

KW - Intermittent fasting

KW - Learning and memory

KW - Mood and anxiety

KW - Nutrition

KW - Polyphenols

KW - Polyunsaturated fatty acids

KW - Stem cells

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84968835250&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/B978-0-12-801977-1.00006-4

DO - 10.1016/B978-0-12-801977-1.00006-4

M3 - Chapter

AN - SCOPUS:84968835250

SN - 9780128019924

SN - 9780128019771

SP - 109

EP - 143

BT - Adult Neurogenesis in the Hippocampus: Health, Psychopathology, and Brain Disease

PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC

ER -