TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of smoking on periodontal health and validation of self-reported smoking status with serum cotinine levels
AU - Goswami, Shweta
AU - Ylöstalo, Pekka
AU - Khan, Sohaib
AU - Knuuttila, Matti
AU - Bernabe, Eduardo
AU - Suominen, Anna Liisa
N1 - Funding Information:
This study is a part of the Health 2000 Survey organized by the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) (formerly the National Public Health Institute [KTL] of Finland), and partly supported by the Finnish Dental Society Apollonia and the Finnish Dental Association. The Follow-Up Study on Finnish Adults? Oral Health was organized and funded by the National Institute for Health and Welfare and the Social Insurance Institution of Finland (KELA). This article is partly based on the master?s thesis titled ?Effect of smoking on periodontal health: A 4-year follow-up study in Finnish adults? completed at University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland which can be accessed at https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/32429324.pdf.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group on behalf of Acta Odontologica Scandinavica Society.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Objective: To investigate whether self-reported smoking and serum cotinine levels associate with periodontal pocket development and to determine the accuracy of self-reported smoking using serum cotinine. Materials and methods: This 4-year prospective cohort study included data from 294 dentate adults, aged ≥30 years, who participated in both the Health 2000 Survey and the Follow-up Study of Finnish Adults’ Oral Health. Subjectively reported smoking status (daily smokers n = 62, occasional smokers n = 12, quitters n = 49, and never-smokers n = 171), serum cotinine levels, demographic factors, education level, dental behaviours and medical history were collected at baseline. The outcome measure was the number of teeth with periodontal pocketing ≥4 mm over 4 years. Results: Self-reported daily smokers had 1.82 (95% CI: 1.32–2.50) higher incidence of deepened periodontal pockets than never-smokers. A positive association was observed between serum cotinine (≥42.0 μg/L) and the development of periodontal pockets. The misclassification rate of self-reported smoking was 6%. Conclusions: Both self-reported daily smoking and higher serum cotinine were associated with periodontal pocket development. Self-reported smoking was fairly accurate in this study. However, higher cotinine levels among a few self-reported never-smokers indicated misreporting or passive smoking. Thus, self-reports alone are not enough to assess the smoking-attributable disease burden.
AB - Objective: To investigate whether self-reported smoking and serum cotinine levels associate with periodontal pocket development and to determine the accuracy of self-reported smoking using serum cotinine. Materials and methods: This 4-year prospective cohort study included data from 294 dentate adults, aged ≥30 years, who participated in both the Health 2000 Survey and the Follow-up Study of Finnish Adults’ Oral Health. Subjectively reported smoking status (daily smokers n = 62, occasional smokers n = 12, quitters n = 49, and never-smokers n = 171), serum cotinine levels, demographic factors, education level, dental behaviours and medical history were collected at baseline. The outcome measure was the number of teeth with periodontal pocketing ≥4 mm over 4 years. Results: Self-reported daily smokers had 1.82 (95% CI: 1.32–2.50) higher incidence of deepened periodontal pockets than never-smokers. A positive association was observed between serum cotinine (≥42.0 μg/L) and the development of periodontal pockets. The misclassification rate of self-reported smoking was 6%. Conclusions: Both self-reported daily smoking and higher serum cotinine were associated with periodontal pocket development. Self-reported smoking was fairly accurate in this study. However, higher cotinine levels among a few self-reported never-smokers indicated misreporting or passive smoking. Thus, self-reports alone are not enough to assess the smoking-attributable disease burden.
KW - cotinine
KW - longitudinal study
KW - periodontal pocket
KW - Smoking
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85105924082&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/00016357.2021.1917655
DO - 10.1080/00016357.2021.1917655
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85105924082
SN - 0001-6357
VL - 79
SP - 573
EP - 581
JO - Acta Odontologica Scandinavica
JF - Acta Odontologica Scandinavica
IS - 8
ER -