Effect of vitamin D monotherapy on indices of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Abstract

Background Vitamin D supplementation is proposed as a potentially effective nutritional intervention to mitigate the risk of sarcopenia. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the impact of vitamin D supplementation monotherapy on indices of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults.
Methods A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and CochraneLibrary. Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) compared the effect of vitamin D supplementation (as monotherapy) with placebo on indices of sarcopenia in older (>50 years) adults. Using the random effects inverse-variance model, we calculated the mean difference (MD) in handgrip strength (HGS), short physical performance battery (SPPB), timed up and go (TUG), and appendicular lean mass (ALM) between groups. We also calculated the standardized mean difference (SMD) in general muscle strength and general physical performance (composite plot of all muscle strength and physical performance outcomes, respectively) between groups.
Results Ten RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. A significant decrease in SPPB scores was observed with vitamin D supplementation compared with placebo (MD: 0.23; 95% CI 0.40 to 0.06; I2 = 0%; P = 0.007). Vitamin D supplementation conferred no effect on HGS (MD: 0.07 kg; 95% CI 0.70 to 0.55; I2 = 51%, P = 0.82), TUG (MD:0.07 s; 95% CI 0.08 to 0.22; I2 = 0%, P = 0.35), ALM (MD: 0.06 kg/m2; 95% CI: 0.32 to 0.44; I2 = 73%, P = 0.77), general muscle strength (SMD: 0.01; 95% CI 0.17 to 0.15; I2 = 42%, P = 0.90), or general physical performance (SMD: 0.02; 95% CI 0.23 to 0.18; I2 = 71%, P = 0.83). Conclusions Vitamin D supplementation did not improve any sarcopenia indices in community-dwelling older adults and may compromise some aspects of physical performance. Future studies are warranted to investigate the impact of vitamin D supplementation on individual indices of SPPB, including mobility and balance, in older adults.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1642-1652
Number of pages11
JournalJournal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
Volume13
Issue number3
Early online date8 Mar 2022
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jun 2022

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