Elevated Striatal Dopamine Function in Immigrants and Their Children: A Risk Mechanism for Psychosis

Alice Egerton; Oliver D Howes; Sylvain Houle; Kwame McKenzie; Lucia R Valmaggia; Michael R Bagby; Huai-Hsuan Tseng; Michael A P Bloomfield; Miran Kenk; Sagnik Bhattacharyya; Ivonne Suridjan; Chistopher A Chaddock; Toby T Winton-Brown; Paul Allen; Pablo Rusjan; Gary Remington; Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg; Philip K McGuire; Romina Mizrahi

doi:10.1093/schbul/sbw181

Elevated Striatal Dopamine Function in Immigrants and Their Children: A Risk Mechanism for Psychosis

Alice Egerton, Oliver D Howes, Sylvain Houle, Kwame McKenzie, Lucia R Valmaggia, Michael R Bagby, Huai-Hsuan Tseng, Michael A P Bloomfield, Miran Kenk, Sagnik Bhattacharyya, Ivonne Suridjan, Chistopher A Chaddock, Toby T Winton-Brown, Paul Allen, Pablo Rusjan, Gary Remington, Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg, Philip K McGuire, Romina Mizrahi

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Abstract

Migration is a major risk factor for schizophrenia but the neurochemical processes involved are unknown. One candidate mechanism is through elevations in striatal dopamine synthesis and release. The objective of this research was to determine whether striatal dopamine function is elevated in immigrants compared to nonimmigrants and the relationship with psychosis. Two complementary case-control studies of in vivo dopamine function (stress-induced dopamine release and dopamine synthesis capacity) in immigrants compared to nonimmigrants were performed in Canada and the United Kingdom. The Canadian dopamine release study included 25 immigrant and 31 nonmigrant Canadians. These groups included 23 clinical high risk (CHR) subjects, 9 antipsychotic naïve patients with schizophrenia, and 24 healthy volunteers. The UK dopamine synthesis study included 32 immigrants and 44 nonimmigrant British. These groups included 50 CHR subjects and 26 healthy volunteers. Both striatal stress-induced dopamine release and dopamine synthesis capacity were significantly elevated in immigrants compared to nonimmigrants, independent of clinical status. These data provide the first evidence that the effect of migration on the risk of developing psychosis may be mediated by an elevation in brain dopamine function.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	293–301
Number of pages	9
Journal	Schizophrenia Bulletin
Volume	43
Issue number	2
Early online date	5 Jan 2017
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbw181
Publication status	Published - 1 Mar 2017

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Egerton, A., Howes, O. D., Houle, S., McKenzie, K., Valmaggia, L. R., Bagby, M. R., Tseng, H.-H., Bloomfield, M. A. P., Kenk, M., Bhattacharyya, S., Suridjan, I., Chaddock, C. A., Winton-Brown, T. T., Allen, P., Rusjan, P., Remington, G., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., McGuire, P. K., & Mizrahi, R. (2017). Elevated Striatal Dopamine Function in Immigrants and Their Children: A Risk Mechanism for Psychosis. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 43(2), 293–301. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbw181

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title = "Elevated Striatal Dopamine Function in Immigrants and Their Children: A Risk Mechanism for Psychosis",

abstract = "Migration is a major risk factor for schizophrenia but the neurochemical processes involved are unknown. One candidate mechanism is through elevations in striatal dopamine synthesis and release. The objective of this research was to determine whether striatal dopamine function is elevated in immigrants compared to nonimmigrants and the relationship with psychosis. Two complementary case-control studies of in vivo dopamine function (stress-induced dopamine release and dopamine synthesis capacity) in immigrants compared to nonimmigrants were performed in Canada and the United Kingdom. The Canadian dopamine release study included 25 immigrant and 31 nonmigrant Canadians. These groups included 23 clinical high risk (CHR) subjects, 9 antipsychotic na{\"i}ve patients with schizophrenia, and 24 healthy volunteers. The UK dopamine synthesis study included 32 immigrants and 44 nonimmigrant British. These groups included 50 CHR subjects and 26 healthy volunteers. Both striatal stress-induced dopamine release and dopamine synthesis capacity were significantly elevated in immigrants compared to nonimmigrants, independent of clinical status. These data provide the first evidence that the effect of migration on the risk of developing psychosis may be mediated by an elevation in brain dopamine function.",

author = "Alice Egerton and Howes, {Oliver D} and Sylvain Houle and Kwame McKenzie and Valmaggia, {Lucia R} and Bagby, {Michael R} and Huai-Hsuan Tseng and Bloomfield, {Michael A P} and Miran Kenk and Sagnik Bhattacharyya and Ivonne Suridjan and Chaddock, {Chistopher A} and Winton-Brown, {Toby T} and Paul Allen and Pablo Rusjan and Gary Remington and Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg and McGuire, {Philip K} and Romina Mizrahi",

note = "{\textcopyright} The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center.",

year = "2017",

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doi = "10.1093/schbul/sbw181",

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Egerton, A , Howes, OD, Houle, S, McKenzie, K, Valmaggia, LR, Bagby, MR, Tseng, H-H, Bloomfield, MAP, Kenk, M, Bhattacharyya, S, Suridjan, I, Chaddock, CA, Winton-Brown, TT, Allen, P, Rusjan, P, Remington, G, Meyer-Lindenberg, A, McGuire, PK & Mizrahi, R 2017, 'Elevated Striatal Dopamine Function in Immigrants and Their Children: A Risk Mechanism for Psychosis', Schizophrenia Bulletin, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 293–301. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbw181

TY - JOUR

T1 - Elevated Striatal Dopamine Function in Immigrants and Their Children

T2 - A Risk Mechanism for Psychosis

AU - Egerton, Alice

AU - Howes, Oliver D

AU - Houle, Sylvain

AU - McKenzie, Kwame

AU - Valmaggia, Lucia R

AU - Bagby, Michael R

AU - Tseng, Huai-Hsuan

AU - Bloomfield, Michael A P

AU - Kenk, Miran

AU - Bhattacharyya, Sagnik

AU - Suridjan, Ivonne

AU - Chaddock, Chistopher A

AU - Winton-Brown, Toby T

AU - Allen, Paul

AU - Rusjan, Pablo

AU - Remington, Gary

AU - Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas

AU - McGuire, Philip K

AU - Mizrahi, Romina

PY - 2017/3/1

Y1 - 2017/3/1

N2 - Migration is a major risk factor for schizophrenia but the neurochemical processes involved are unknown. One candidate mechanism is through elevations in striatal dopamine synthesis and release. The objective of this research was to determine whether striatal dopamine function is elevated in immigrants compared to nonimmigrants and the relationship with psychosis. Two complementary case-control studies of in vivo dopamine function (stress-induced dopamine release and dopamine synthesis capacity) in immigrants compared to nonimmigrants were performed in Canada and the United Kingdom. The Canadian dopamine release study included 25 immigrant and 31 nonmigrant Canadians. These groups included 23 clinical high risk (CHR) subjects, 9 antipsychotic naïve patients with schizophrenia, and 24 healthy volunteers. The UK dopamine synthesis study included 32 immigrants and 44 nonimmigrant British. These groups included 50 CHR subjects and 26 healthy volunteers. Both striatal stress-induced dopamine release and dopamine synthesis capacity were significantly elevated in immigrants compared to nonimmigrants, independent of clinical status. These data provide the first evidence that the effect of migration on the risk of developing psychosis may be mediated by an elevation in brain dopamine function.

AB - Migration is a major risk factor for schizophrenia but the neurochemical processes involved are unknown. One candidate mechanism is through elevations in striatal dopamine synthesis and release. The objective of this research was to determine whether striatal dopamine function is elevated in immigrants compared to nonimmigrants and the relationship with psychosis. Two complementary case-control studies of in vivo dopamine function (stress-induced dopamine release and dopamine synthesis capacity) in immigrants compared to nonimmigrants were performed in Canada and the United Kingdom. The Canadian dopamine release study included 25 immigrant and 31 nonmigrant Canadians. These groups included 23 clinical high risk (CHR) subjects, 9 antipsychotic naïve patients with schizophrenia, and 24 healthy volunteers. The UK dopamine synthesis study included 32 immigrants and 44 nonimmigrant British. These groups included 50 CHR subjects and 26 healthy volunteers. Both striatal stress-induced dopamine release and dopamine synthesis capacity were significantly elevated in immigrants compared to nonimmigrants, independent of clinical status. These data provide the first evidence that the effect of migration on the risk of developing psychosis may be mediated by an elevation in brain dopamine function.

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U2 - 10.1093/schbul/sbw181

DO - 10.1093/schbul/sbw181

M3 - Article

C2 - 28057720

SN - 0586-7614

VL - 43

SP - 293

EP - 301

JO - Schizophrenia Bulletin

JF - Schizophrenia Bulletin

IS - 2

ER -

Elevated Striatal Dopamine Function in Immigrants and Their Children: A Risk Mechanism for Psychosis

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