Emotion recognition profiles in clusters of youth based on levels of callous-unemotional traits and reactive and proactive aggression

Renee Kleine Deters; Jilly Naaijen; Nathalie E. Holz; Tobias Banaschewski; Ulrike M.E. Schulze; Arjun Sethi; Michael C. Craig; Ilyas Sagar-Ouriaghli; Paramala Santosh; Mireia Rosa; Josefina Castro-Fornieles; María José Penzol; Celso Arango; Daniel Brandeis; Barbara Franke; Jeffrey C. Glennon; Jan K. Buitelaar; Pieter J. Hoekstra; Andrea Dietrich

doi:10.1007/s00787-022-02079-3

Emotion recognition profiles in clusters of youth based on levels of callous-unemotional traits and reactive and proactive aggression

Renee Kleine Deters^*, Jilly Naaijen, Nathalie E. Holz, Tobias Banaschewski, Ulrike M.E. Schulze, Arjun Sethi, Michael C. Craig, Ilyas Sagar-Ouriaghli, Paramala Santosh, Mireia Rosa, Josefina Castro-Fornieles, María José Penzol, Celso Arango, Daniel Brandeis, Barbara Franke, Jeffrey C. Glennon, Jan K. Buitelaar, Pieter J. Hoekstra, Andrea Dietrich

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

2 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Youth with disruptive behavior showing high callous-unemotional (CU) traits and proactive aggression are often assumed to exhibit distinct impairments in emotion recognition from those showing mainly reactive aggression. Yet, reactive and proactive aggression and CU traits may co-occur to varying degrees across individuals. We aimed to investigate emotion recognition in more homogeneous clusters based on these three dimensions. In a sample of 243 youth (149 with disruptive behavior problems and 94 controls) aged 8–18 years, we used model-based clustering on self-report measures of CU traits and reactive and proactive aggression and compared the resulting clusters on emotion recognition (accuracy and response bias) and working memory. In addition to a Low and Low-Moderate symptom cluster, we identified two high CU clusters. The CU-Reactive cluster showed high reactive and low-to-medium proactive aggression; the CU-Mixed cluster showed high reactive and proactive aggression. Both CU clusters showed impaired fear recognition and working memory, whereas the CU-Reactive cluster also showed impaired recognition of disgust and sadness, partly explained by poor working memory, as well as a response bias for anger and happiness. Our results confirm the importance of CU traits as a core dimension along which youth with disruptive behavior may be characterized, yet challenge the view that high CU traits are closely linked to high proactive aggression per se. Notably, distinct neurocognitive processes may play a role in youth with high CU traits and reactive aggression with lower versus higher proactive aggression.

Original language	English
Journal	European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-022-02079-3
Publication status	Accepted/In press - 2022

Keywords

Callous-unemotional traits
Disruptive behavior problems
Emotion recognition
Proactive aggression
Reactive aggression

Access to Document

10.1007/s00787-022-02079-3

Cite this

Kleine Deters, R., Naaijen, J., Holz, N. E., Banaschewski, T., Schulze, U. M. E., Sethi, A., Craig, M. C., Sagar-Ouriaghli, I., Santosh, P., Rosa, M., Castro-Fornieles, J., Penzol, M. J., Arango, C., Brandeis, D., Franke, B., Glennon, J. C., Buitelaar, J. K., Hoekstra, P. J., & Dietrich, A. (Accepted/In press). Emotion recognition profiles in clusters of youth based on levels of callous-unemotional traits and reactive and proactive aggression. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-022-02079-3

@article{05b1ca22b703461e978621873410b381,

title = "Emotion recognition profiles in clusters of youth based on levels of callous-unemotional traits and reactive and proactive aggression",

abstract = "Youth with disruptive behavior showing high callous-unemotional (CU) traits and proactive aggression are often assumed to exhibit distinct impairments in emotion recognition from those showing mainly reactive aggression. Yet, reactive and proactive aggression and CU traits may co-occur to varying degrees across individuals. We aimed to investigate emotion recognition in more homogeneous clusters based on these three dimensions. In a sample of 243 youth (149 with disruptive behavior problems and 94 controls) aged 8–18 years, we used model-based clustering on self-report measures of CU traits and reactive and proactive aggression and compared the resulting clusters on emotion recognition (accuracy and response bias) and working memory. In addition to a Low and Low-Moderate symptom cluster, we identified two high CU clusters. The CU-Reactive cluster showed high reactive and low-to-medium proactive aggression; the CU-Mixed cluster showed high reactive and proactive aggression. Both CU clusters showed impaired fear recognition and working memory, whereas the CU-Reactive cluster also showed impaired recognition of disgust and sadness, partly explained by poor working memory, as well as a response bias for anger and happiness. Our results confirm the importance of CU traits as a core dimension along which youth with disruptive behavior may be characterized, yet challenge the view that high CU traits are closely linked to high proactive aggression per se. Notably, distinct neurocognitive processes may play a role in youth with high CU traits and reactive aggression with lower versus higher proactive aggression.",

keywords = "Callous-unemotional traits, Disruptive behavior problems, Emotion recognition, Proactive aggression, Reactive aggression",

author = "{Kleine Deters}, Renee and Jilly Naaijen and Holz, {Nathalie E.} and Tobias Banaschewski and Schulze, {Ulrike M.E.} and Arjun Sethi and Craig, {Michael C.} and Ilyas Sagar-Ouriaghli and Paramala Santosh and Mireia Rosa and Josefina Castro-Fornieles and Penzol, {Mar{\'i}a Jos{\'e}} and Celso Arango and Daniel Brandeis and Barbara Franke and Glennon, {Jeffrey C.} and Buitelaar, {Jan K.} and Hoekstra, {Pieter J.} and Andrea Dietrich",

note = "Funding Information: This project has received funding from the European Union{\textquoteright}s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement numbers 602805 (Aggressotype) and 603016 (MATRICS). This work reflects only the authors{\textquoteright} views, and the European Union is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained herein. We gratefully acknowledge and thank all the participants and their families for their enthusiastic participation in the study. The authors would also like to thank all PhD students, post-doctoral fellows and research assistants for their involvement in data-collection. Funding Information: T Banaschewski served in an advisory or consultancy role for Actelion, Hexal Pharma, Lilly, Medice, NovartisOxford outcomes, PCM scientific, Shire and Viforpharma. He received conference support or speaker{\textquoteright}s fee by Medice, Novartis and Shire. He is/has been involved in clinical trials conducted by Shire & Viforpharma. The present work is unrelated to the grants and relationships noted earlier. U. Schulze received a speaker{\textquoteright}s fee from Shire and serves as an unpaid ethics advisor in two EU-funded projects which are not related to the present work. C Arango has been a consultant to or has received honoraria or grants from Acadia, Ambrosseti, Caja Navarra, CIBERSAM, Fundaci{\'o}n Alicia Koplowitz, Forum, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Gedeon Richter, Janssen Cilag, Lundbeck, Merck, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci{\'o}n, Ministerio de Sanidad, Ministerio de Econom{\'i}a y Competitividad, Mutua Madrile{\~n}a, Otsuka, Roche, Servier, Shire, Schering Plough, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Sunovio and Takeda. D Brandeis serves as an unpaid scientific advisor for an EU-funded Neurofeedback trial unrelated to the present work. JC Glennon has acted as a consultant for Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH. B Franke received an educational speaking fee from Medice. JK Buitelaar has been consultant to/member of advisory board of and/or speaker for Janssen Cilag BV, Takeda/Shire, Medice, Angelini, Novartis and Servier. He is not an employee of any of these companies, nor a stock shareholder of any of these companies. He has no other financial or material support, including expert testimony, patents, and royalties. The other authors do not report any biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s).",

year = "2022",

doi = "10.1007/s00787-022-02079-3",

language = "English",

journal = "European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry",

issn = "1018-8827",

publisher = "Dr. Dietrich Steinkopff Verlag GmbH and Co. KG",

}

Kleine Deters, R, Naaijen, J, Holz, NE, Banaschewski, T, Schulze, UME, Sethi, A, Craig, MC, Sagar-Ouriaghli, I, Santosh, P, Rosa, M, Castro-Fornieles, J, Penzol, MJ, Arango, C, Brandeis, D, Franke, B, Glennon, JC, Buitelaar, JK, Hoekstra, PJ & Dietrich, A 2022, 'Emotion recognition profiles in clusters of youth based on levels of callous-unemotional traits and reactive and proactive aggression', European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-022-02079-3

TY - JOUR

T1 - Emotion recognition profiles in clusters of youth based on levels of callous-unemotional traits and reactive and proactive aggression

AU - Kleine Deters, Renee

AU - Naaijen, Jilly

AU - Holz, Nathalie E.

AU - Banaschewski, Tobias

AU - Schulze, Ulrike M.E.

AU - Sethi, Arjun

AU - Craig, Michael C.

AU - Sagar-Ouriaghli, Ilyas

AU - Santosh, Paramala

AU - Rosa, Mireia

AU - Castro-Fornieles, Josefina

AU - Penzol, María José

AU - Arango, Celso

AU - Brandeis, Daniel

AU - Franke, Barbara

AU - Glennon, Jeffrey C.

AU - Buitelaar, Jan K.

AU - Hoekstra, Pieter J.

AU - Dietrich, Andrea

N1 - Funding Information: This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement numbers 602805 (Aggressotype) and 603016 (MATRICS). This work reflects only the authors’ views, and the European Union is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained herein. We gratefully acknowledge and thank all the participants and their families for their enthusiastic participation in the study. The authors would also like to thank all PhD students, post-doctoral fellows and research assistants for their involvement in data-collection. Funding Information: T Banaschewski served in an advisory or consultancy role for Actelion, Hexal Pharma, Lilly, Medice, NovartisOxford outcomes, PCM scientific, Shire and Viforpharma. He received conference support or speaker’s fee by Medice, Novartis and Shire. He is/has been involved in clinical trials conducted by Shire & Viforpharma. The present work is unrelated to the grants and relationships noted earlier. U. Schulze received a speaker’s fee from Shire and serves as an unpaid ethics advisor in two EU-funded projects which are not related to the present work. C Arango has been a consultant to or has received honoraria or grants from Acadia, Ambrosseti, Caja Navarra, CIBERSAM, Fundación Alicia Koplowitz, Forum, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Gedeon Richter, Janssen Cilag, Lundbeck, Merck, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Ministerio de Sanidad, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Mutua Madrileña, Otsuka, Roche, Servier, Shire, Schering Plough, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Sunovio and Takeda. D Brandeis serves as an unpaid scientific advisor for an EU-funded Neurofeedback trial unrelated to the present work. JC Glennon has acted as a consultant for Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH. B Franke received an educational speaking fee from Medice. JK Buitelaar has been consultant to/member of advisory board of and/or speaker for Janssen Cilag BV, Takeda/Shire, Medice, Angelini, Novartis and Servier. He is not an employee of any of these companies, nor a stock shareholder of any of these companies. He has no other financial or material support, including expert testimony, patents, and royalties. The other authors do not report any biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s).

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - Youth with disruptive behavior showing high callous-unemotional (CU) traits and proactive aggression are often assumed to exhibit distinct impairments in emotion recognition from those showing mainly reactive aggression. Yet, reactive and proactive aggression and CU traits may co-occur to varying degrees across individuals. We aimed to investigate emotion recognition in more homogeneous clusters based on these three dimensions. In a sample of 243 youth (149 with disruptive behavior problems and 94 controls) aged 8–18 years, we used model-based clustering on self-report measures of CU traits and reactive and proactive aggression and compared the resulting clusters on emotion recognition (accuracy and response bias) and working memory. In addition to a Low and Low-Moderate symptom cluster, we identified two high CU clusters. The CU-Reactive cluster showed high reactive and low-to-medium proactive aggression; the CU-Mixed cluster showed high reactive and proactive aggression. Both CU clusters showed impaired fear recognition and working memory, whereas the CU-Reactive cluster also showed impaired recognition of disgust and sadness, partly explained by poor working memory, as well as a response bias for anger and happiness. Our results confirm the importance of CU traits as a core dimension along which youth with disruptive behavior may be characterized, yet challenge the view that high CU traits are closely linked to high proactive aggression per se. Notably, distinct neurocognitive processes may play a role in youth with high CU traits and reactive aggression with lower versus higher proactive aggression.

AB - Youth with disruptive behavior showing high callous-unemotional (CU) traits and proactive aggression are often assumed to exhibit distinct impairments in emotion recognition from those showing mainly reactive aggression. Yet, reactive and proactive aggression and CU traits may co-occur to varying degrees across individuals. We aimed to investigate emotion recognition in more homogeneous clusters based on these three dimensions. In a sample of 243 youth (149 with disruptive behavior problems and 94 controls) aged 8–18 years, we used model-based clustering on self-report measures of CU traits and reactive and proactive aggression and compared the resulting clusters on emotion recognition (accuracy and response bias) and working memory. In addition to a Low and Low-Moderate symptom cluster, we identified two high CU clusters. The CU-Reactive cluster showed high reactive and low-to-medium proactive aggression; the CU-Mixed cluster showed high reactive and proactive aggression. Both CU clusters showed impaired fear recognition and working memory, whereas the CU-Reactive cluster also showed impaired recognition of disgust and sadness, partly explained by poor working memory, as well as a response bias for anger and happiness. Our results confirm the importance of CU traits as a core dimension along which youth with disruptive behavior may be characterized, yet challenge the view that high CU traits are closely linked to high proactive aggression per se. Notably, distinct neurocognitive processes may play a role in youth with high CU traits and reactive aggression with lower versus higher proactive aggression.

KW - Callous-unemotional traits

KW - Disruptive behavior problems

KW - Emotion recognition

KW - Proactive aggression

KW - Reactive aggression

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85138369409&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1007/s00787-022-02079-3

DO - 10.1007/s00787-022-02079-3

M3 - Article

C2 - 36127566

AN - SCOPUS:85138369409

SN - 1018-8827

JO - European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

JF - European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

ER -

Emotion recognition profiles in clusters of youth based on levels of callous-unemotional traits and reactive and proactive aggression

Abstract

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this