Eosinophils and eosinophilic immune dysfunction in health and disease

TY - JOUR

T1 - Eosinophils and eosinophilic immune dysfunction in health and disease

AU - Jackson, David J.

AU - Akuthota, Praveen

AU - Roufosse, Florence

N1 - Funding Information: Conflict of interest: D.J. Jackson has received consulting, speaker fees, and support to attend international congresses from AstraZeneca, GSK, Sanofi, Teva, BI, Novartis, Chiesi, and Napp. P. Akuthota has received consulting fees and research support from AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, and Regeneron; consulting fees from Advance Medical; grant support from the National Institutes of Health (US); royalties from UpToDate; and honoraria from Medscape/WebMD, AKH, Prime CME, Rockpointe, and Vindico. F. Roufosse has received consulting fees from AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, and Knopp Biosciences for drug development in hypereosinophilic syndromes and royalties from UpToDate. Funding Information: Support statement: This work and the symposium upon which it was based was supported by AstraZeneca. Writing and editing support for this manuscript was funded by AstraZeneca (Gaithersburg, Maryland). Funding information for this article has been deposited with the Crossref Funder Registry. Publisher Copyright: © The authors 2022.

PY - 2022/3/31

Y1 - 2022/3/31

N2 - The functions ascribed to eosinophils have classically been limited to host defence against certain parasitic infections and potentially deleterious effects in the setting of specific diseases that are associated with elevated eosinophil counts in blood and/or tissue. The ability to induce eosinophil depletion either experimentally in animal models or through targeted therapies in humans has extended our understanding of the roles played by eosinophils in health and homeostasis as well as in disease pathogenesis. When associated with human disease aetiology, the eosinophil takes on a pathogenic rather than a protective role. This maladaptive response, called "eosinophilic immune dysfunction" herein, appears central to exacerbation pathogenesis and disease control in severe asthma and may be involved in the aetiology of other eosinophil-related conditions ranging from organ-system-limited diseases such as phenotypic subsets of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis to more broadly systemic diseases such as eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis and hypereosinophilic syndrome. In this review, we describe the evidence supporting eosinophilic functions related to health and homeostasis and explore the contribution of eosinophilic immune dysfunction to human disease.

AB - The functions ascribed to eosinophils have classically been limited to host defence against certain parasitic infections and potentially deleterious effects in the setting of specific diseases that are associated with elevated eosinophil counts in blood and/or tissue. The ability to induce eosinophil depletion either experimentally in animal models or through targeted therapies in humans has extended our understanding of the roles played by eosinophils in health and homeostasis as well as in disease pathogenesis. When associated with human disease aetiology, the eosinophil takes on a pathogenic rather than a protective role. This maladaptive response, called "eosinophilic immune dysfunction" herein, appears central to exacerbation pathogenesis and disease control in severe asthma and may be involved in the aetiology of other eosinophil-related conditions ranging from organ-system-limited diseases such as phenotypic subsets of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis to more broadly systemic diseases such as eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis and hypereosinophilic syndrome. In this review, we describe the evidence supporting eosinophilic functions related to health and homeostasis and explore the contribution of eosinophilic immune dysfunction to human disease.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85123900900&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1183/16000617.0150-2021

DO - 10.1183/16000617.0150-2021

M3 - Review article

C2 - 35082127

AN - SCOPUS:85123900900

SN - 1600-0617

VL - 31

JO - European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society

JF - European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society

IS - 163

M1 - 210150

ER -