Abstract
Eosinophils play a homeostatic role in the body's immune responses. These cells are involved in combating some parasitic, bacterial, and viral infections and certain cancers and have pathologic roles in diseases including asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders, and hypereosinophilic syndromes. Treatment of eosinophilic diseases has traditionally been through nonspecific eosinophil attenuation by use of glucocorticoids. However, several novel biologic therapies targeting eosinophil maturation factors, such as interleukin (IL)-5 and the IL-5 receptor or IL-4/IL-13, have recently been approved for clinical use. Despite the success of biologic therapies, some patients with eosinophilic inflammatory disease may not achieve adequate symptom control, underlining the need to further investigate the contribution of patient characteristics, such as comorbidities and other processes, in driving ongoing disease activity. New research has shown that eosinophils are also involved in several homeostatic processes, including metabolism, tissue remodeling and development, neuronal regulation, epithelial and microbiome regulation, and immunoregulation, indicating that these cells may play a crucial role in metabolic regulation and organ function in healthy humans. Consequently, further investigation is needed into the homeostatic roles of eosinophils and eosinophil-mediated processes across different tissues and their varied microenvironments. Such work may provide important insights into the role of eosinophils not only under disease conditions but also in health. This narrative review synthesizes relevant publications retrieved from PubMed informed by author expertise to provide new insights into the diverse roles of eosinophils in health and disease, with particular emphasis on the implications for current and future development of eosinophil-targeted therapies.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 2694-2707 |
| Number of pages | 14 |
| Journal | Mayo Clinic Proceedings |
| Volume | 96 |
| Issue number | 10 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Oct 2021 |
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In: Mayo Clinic Proceedings, Vol. 96, No. 10, 10.2021, p. 2694-2707.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review
TY - JOUR
T1 - Eosinophils in Health and Disease
T2 - A State-of-the-Art Review
AU - Wechsler, Michael E.
AU - Munitz, Ariel
AU - Ackerman, Steven J.
AU - Drake, Matthew G.
AU - Jackson, David J.
AU - Wardlaw, Andrew J.
AU - Dougan, Stephanie K.
AU - Berdnikovs, Sergejs
AU - Schleich, Florence
AU - Matucci, Andrea
AU - Chanez, Pascal
AU - Prazma, Charlene M.
AU - Howarth, Peter
AU - Weller, Peter F.
AU - Merkel, Peter A.
N1 - Funding Information: Potential Competing Interests: M.E.W. has received grants and personal fees from Novartis and Sanofi ; personal fees from Regeneron, Genentech, Sentien, Restorbio, Equillium, Genzyme, and Cohero Health; grants, personal fees, and nonfinancial support from Teva , Boehringer Ingelheim , and AstraZeneca ; and grants and personal fees from GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), outside the submitted work. A.Mu. is a consultant/advisory board member for GSK, Augmanity Nano Ltd, Electra-TAU, and AstraZeneca. S.J.A. is a consultant for GSK; is a co-founder, chief scientific officer, and board member of and consultant for EnteroTrack, LLC and holds equity in it; is entitled to a share of royalties from the University of Illinois at Chicago/University of Colorado in conjunction with licensing of intellectual property to EnteroTrack, LLC; and is a patent holder of a patent issued to Find Therapeutics and 3 patents licensed to EnteroTrack, LLC. M.G.D. is a consultant for GSK. D.J.J. has received personal fees from Novartis, Sanofi, Teva, Boehringer Ingelheim, GSK, and AstraZeneca. A.J.W. has received honoraria from AstraZeneca, GSK, and Pulmocide for advisory boards and research grants from Pulmocide and owns stocks/shares in GSK. S.K.D. has received research funding from Novartis , Eli Lilly , and Bristol-Myers Squibb and is a co-founder and member of the scientific advisory board for Kojin Therapeutics. S.B. reports no conflicts of interest. F.S. has received speaker’s fees from Teva, AstraZeneca, Chiesi, Novartis, and GSK and consultancy fees from AstraZeneca, Chiesi, GSK, and Novartis. A.Ma. has received speaker’s fees from AstraZeneca, Novartis, and GSK and honoraria for attending advisory board meetings with Sanofi, AstraZeneca, GSK, Novartis, and Chiesi. P.C. has acted as a consultant for Boehringer Ingelheim, GSK, ALK, AstraZeneca, Novartis, Teva, Chiesi, Sanofi, and SNCF; participated in advisory board meetings for Boehringer Ingelheim, GSK, Circadia, AstraZeneca, Novartis, Teva, Chiesi, and Sanofi; has received lecture fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, GSK, AstraZeneca, Novartis, Teva, Chiesi, Boston Scientific, and ALK; and has received industry-sponsored grants from Roche , Boston Scientific , Boehringer Ingelheim , Centocor , GSK , AstraZeneca , ALK , Novartis , Teva , and Chiesi . C.M.P. and P.H. are employees of GSK and own stocks/shares. P.F.W. has acted as a consultant for GSK and has served on Data and Safety Monitoring Boards for AstraZeneca. P.A.M. has acted as a consultant for AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, ChemoCentryx, CSL Behring, Forbius, Genentech/Roche, Genzyme/Sanofi, GSK, InflaRx, Insmed, Janssen, Kiniksa, Kyverna, Magenta, Novartis, Pfizer, Sparrow, Takeda, and Talaris and has received research support from AstraZeneca , Boehringer Ingelheim , Bristol-Myers Squibb , Celgene , ChemoCentryx , Forbius , Genentech / Roche , Genzyme / Sanofi , GSK , and InflaRx . Funding Information: Potential Competing Interests: M.E.W. has received grants and personal fees from Novartis and Sanofi; personal fees from Regeneron, Genentech, Sentien, Restorbio, Equillium, Genzyme, and Cohero Health; grants, personal fees, and nonfinancial support from Teva, Boehringer Ingelheim, and AstraZeneca; and grants and personal fees from GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), outside the submitted work. A.Mu. is a consultant/advisory board member for GSK, Augmanity Nano Ltd, Electra-TAU, and AstraZeneca. S.J.A. is a consultant for GSK; is a co-founder, chief scientific officer, and board member of and consultant for EnteroTrack, LLC and holds equity in it; is entitled to a share of royalties from the University of Illinois at Chicago/University of Colorado in conjunction with licensing of intellectual property to EnteroTrack, LLC; and is a patent holder of a patent issued to Find Therapeutics and 3 patents licensed to EnteroTrack, LLC. M.G.D. is a consultant for GSK. D.J.J. has received personal fees from Novartis, Sanofi, Teva, Boehringer Ingelheim, GSK, and AstraZeneca. A.J.W. has received honoraria from AstraZeneca, GSK, and Pulmocide for advisory boards and research grants from Pulmocide and owns stocks/shares in GSK. S.K.D. has received research funding from Novartis, Eli Lilly, and Bristol-Myers Squibb and is a co-founder and member of the scientific advisory board for Kojin Therapeutics. S.B. reports no conflicts of interest. F.S. has received speaker's fees from Teva, AstraZeneca, Chiesi, Novartis, and GSK and consultancy fees from AstraZeneca, Chiesi, GSK, and Novartis. A.Ma. has received speaker's fees from AstraZeneca, Novartis, and GSK and honoraria for attending advisory board meetings with Sanofi, AstraZeneca, GSK, Novartis, and Chiesi. P.C. has acted as a consultant for Boehringer Ingelheim, GSK, ALK, AstraZeneca, Novartis, Teva, Chiesi, Sanofi, and SNCF; participated in advisory board meetings for Boehringer Ingelheim, GSK, Circadia, AstraZeneca, Novartis, Teva, Chiesi, and Sanofi; has received lecture fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, GSK, AstraZeneca, Novartis, Teva, Chiesi, Boston Scientific, and ALK; and has received industry-sponsored grants from Roche, Boston Scientific, Boehringer Ingelheim, Centocor, GSK, AstraZeneca, ALK, Novartis, Teva, and Chiesi. C.M.P. and P.H. are employees of GSK and own stocks/shares. P.F.W. has acted as a consultant for GSK and has served on Data and Safety Monitoring Boards for AstraZeneca. P.A.M. has acted as a consultant for AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, ChemoCentryx, CSL Behring, Forbius, Genentech/Roche, Genzyme/Sanofi, GSK, InflaRx, Insmed, Janssen, Kiniksa, Kyverna, Magenta, Novartis, Pfizer, Sparrow, Takeda, and Talaris and has received research support from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, ChemoCentryx, Forbius, Genentech/Roche, Genzyme/Sanofi, GSK, and InflaRx.Editorial support (in the form of writing assistance, including preparation of the draft manuscript under the direction and guidance of the authors, collating and incorporating authors? comments for each draft, assembling tables and figures, grammatical editing, and referencing) was provided by Laura Gardner, PhD, CMPP, at Fishawack Indicia Ltd, United Kingdom, part of Fishawack Health, and was funded by GlaxoSmithKline. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 [Author/Employing Institution] Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved. Funding Information: Editorial support (in the form of writing assistance, including preparation of the draft manuscript under the direction and guidance of the authors, collating and incorporating authors’ comments for each draft, assembling tables and figures, grammatical editing, and referencing) was provided by Laura Gardner, PhD, CMPP, at Fishawack Indicia Ltd, United Kingdom, part of Fishawack Health, and was funded by GlaxoSmithKline . Funding Information: Potential Competing Interests: M.E.W. has received grants and personal fees from Novartis and Sanofi ; personal fees from Regeneron, Genentech, Sentien, Restorbio, Equillium, Genzyme, and Cohero Health; grants, personal fees, and nonfinancial support from Teva , Boehringer Ingelheim , and AstraZeneca ; and grants and personal fees from GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), outside the submitted work. A.Mu. is a consultant/advisory board member for GSK, Augmanity Nano Ltd, Electra-TAU, and AstraZeneca. S.J.A. is a consultant for GSK; is a co-founder, chief scientific officer, and board member of and consultant for EnteroTrack, LLC and holds equity in it; is entitled to a share of royalties from the University of Illinois at Chicago/University of Colorado in conjunction with licensing of intellectual property to EnteroTrack, LLC; and is a patent holder of a patent issued to Find Therapeutics and 3 patents licensed to EnteroTrack, LLC. M.G.D. is a consultant for GSK. D.J.J. has received personal fees from Novartis, Sanofi, Teva, Boehringer Ingelheim, GSK, and AstraZeneca. A.J.W. has received honoraria from AstraZeneca, GSK, and Pulmocide for advisory boards and research grants from Pulmocide and owns stocks/shares in GSK. S.K.D. has received research funding from Novartis , Eli Lilly , and Bristol-Myers Squibb and is a co-founder and member of the scientific advisory board for Kojin Therapeutics. S.B. reports no conflicts of interest. F.S. has received speaker’s fees from Teva, AstraZeneca, Chiesi, Novartis, and GSK and consultancy fees from AstraZeneca, Chiesi, GSK, and Novartis. A.Ma. has received speaker’s fees from AstraZeneca, Novartis, and GSK and honoraria for attending advisory board meetings with Sanofi, AstraZeneca, GSK, Novartis, and Chiesi. P.C. has acted as a consultant for Boehringer Ingelheim, GSK, ALK, AstraZeneca, Novartis, Teva, Chiesi, Sanofi, and SNCF; participated in advisory board meetings for Boehringer Ingelheim, GSK, Circadia, AstraZeneca, Novartis, Teva, Chiesi, and Sanofi; has received lecture fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, GSK, AstraZeneca, Novartis, Teva, Chiesi, Boston Scientific, and ALK; and has received industry-sponsored grants from Roche , Boston Scientific , Boehringer Ingelheim , Centocor , GSK , AstraZeneca , ALK , Novartis , Teva , and Chiesi . C.M.P. and P.H. are employees of GSK and own stocks/shares. P.F.W. has acted as a consultant for GSK and has served on Data and Safety Monitoring Boards for AstraZeneca. P.A.M. has acted as a consultant for AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, ChemoCentryx, CSL Behring, Forbius, Genentech/Roche, Genzyme/Sanofi, GSK, InflaRx, Insmed, Janssen, Kiniksa, Kyverna, Magenta, Novartis, Pfizer, Sparrow, Takeda, and Talaris and has received research support from AstraZeneca , Boehringer Ingelheim , Bristol-Myers Squibb , Celgene , ChemoCentryx , Forbius , Genentech / Roche , Genzyme / Sanofi , GSK , and InflaRx . Funding Information: Potential Competing Interests: M.E.W. has received grants and personal fees from Novartis and Sanofi; personal fees from Regeneron, Genentech, Sentien, Restorbio, Equillium, Genzyme, and Cohero Health; grants, personal fees, and nonfinancial support from Teva, Boehringer Ingelheim, and AstraZeneca; and grants and personal fees from GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), outside the submitted work. A.Mu. is a consultant/advisory board member for GSK, Augmanity Nano Ltd, Electra-TAU, and AstraZeneca. S.J.A. is a consultant for GSK; is a co-founder, chief scientific officer, and board member of and consultant for EnteroTrack, LLC and holds equity in it; is entitled to a share of royalties from the University of Illinois at Chicago/University of Colorado in conjunction with licensing of intellectual property to EnteroTrack, LLC; and is a patent holder of a patent issued to Find Therapeutics and 3 patents licensed to EnteroTrack, LLC. M.G.D. is a consultant for GSK. D.J.J. has received personal fees from Novartis, Sanofi, Teva, Boehringer Ingelheim, GSK, and AstraZeneca. A.J.W. has received honoraria from AstraZeneca, GSK, and Pulmocide for advisory boards and research grants from Pulmocide and owns stocks/shares in GSK. S.K.D. has received research funding from Novartis, Eli Lilly, and Bristol-Myers Squibb and is a co-founder and member of the scientific advisory board for Kojin Therapeutics. S.B. reports no conflicts of interest. F.S. has received speaker's fees from Teva, AstraZeneca, Chiesi, Novartis, and GSK and consultancy fees from AstraZeneca, Chiesi, GSK, and Novartis. A.Ma. has received speaker's fees from AstraZeneca, Novartis, and GSK and honoraria for attending advisory board meetings with Sanofi, AstraZeneca, GSK, Novartis, and Chiesi. P.C. has acted as a consultant for Boehringer Ingelheim, GSK, ALK, AstraZeneca, Novartis, Teva, Chiesi, Sanofi, and SNCF; participated in advisory board meetings for Boehringer Ingelheim, GSK, Circadia, AstraZeneca, Novartis, Teva, Chiesi, and Sanofi; has received lecture fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, GSK, AstraZeneca, Novartis, Teva, Chiesi, Boston Scientific, and ALK; and has received industry-sponsored grants from Roche, Boston Scientific, Boehringer Ingelheim, Centocor, GSK, AstraZeneca, ALK, Novartis, Teva, and Chiesi. C.M.P. and P.H. are employees of GSK and own stocks/shares. P.F.W. has acted as a consultant for GSK and has served on Data and Safety Monitoring Boards for AstraZeneca. P.A.M. has acted as a consultant for AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, ChemoCentryx, CSL Behring, Forbius, Genentech/Roche, Genzyme/Sanofi, GSK, InflaRx, Insmed, Janssen, Kiniksa, Kyverna, Magenta, Novartis, Pfizer, Sparrow, Takeda, and Talaris and has received research support from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, ChemoCentryx, Forbius, Genentech/Roche, Genzyme/Sanofi, GSK, and InflaRx.Editorial support (in the form of writing assistance, including preparation of the draft manuscript under the direction and guidance of the authors, collating and incorporating authors? comments for each draft, assembling tables and figures, grammatical editing, and referencing) was provided by Laura Gardner, PhD, CMPP, at Fishawack Indicia Ltd, United Kingdom, part of Fishawack Health, and was funded by GlaxoSmithKline. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Authors
PY - 2021/10
Y1 - 2021/10
N2 - Eosinophils play a homeostatic role in the body's immune responses. These cells are involved in combating some parasitic, bacterial, and viral infections and certain cancers and have pathologic roles in diseases including asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders, and hypereosinophilic syndromes. Treatment of eosinophilic diseases has traditionally been through nonspecific eosinophil attenuation by use of glucocorticoids. However, several novel biologic therapies targeting eosinophil maturation factors, such as interleukin (IL)-5 and the IL-5 receptor or IL-4/IL-13, have recently been approved for clinical use. Despite the success of biologic therapies, some patients with eosinophilic inflammatory disease may not achieve adequate symptom control, underlining the need to further investigate the contribution of patient characteristics, such as comorbidities and other processes, in driving ongoing disease activity. New research has shown that eosinophils are also involved in several homeostatic processes, including metabolism, tissue remodeling and development, neuronal regulation, epithelial and microbiome regulation, and immunoregulation, indicating that these cells may play a crucial role in metabolic regulation and organ function in healthy humans. Consequently, further investigation is needed into the homeostatic roles of eosinophils and eosinophil-mediated processes across different tissues and their varied microenvironments. Such work may provide important insights into the role of eosinophils not only under disease conditions but also in health. This narrative review synthesizes relevant publications retrieved from PubMed informed by author expertise to provide new insights into the diverse roles of eosinophils in health and disease, with particular emphasis on the implications for current and future development of eosinophil-targeted therapies.
AB - Eosinophils play a homeostatic role in the body's immune responses. These cells are involved in combating some parasitic, bacterial, and viral infections and certain cancers and have pathologic roles in diseases including asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders, and hypereosinophilic syndromes. Treatment of eosinophilic diseases has traditionally been through nonspecific eosinophil attenuation by use of glucocorticoids. However, several novel biologic therapies targeting eosinophil maturation factors, such as interleukin (IL)-5 and the IL-5 receptor or IL-4/IL-13, have recently been approved for clinical use. Despite the success of biologic therapies, some patients with eosinophilic inflammatory disease may not achieve adequate symptom control, underlining the need to further investigate the contribution of patient characteristics, such as comorbidities and other processes, in driving ongoing disease activity. New research has shown that eosinophils are also involved in several homeostatic processes, including metabolism, tissue remodeling and development, neuronal regulation, epithelial and microbiome regulation, and immunoregulation, indicating that these cells may play a crucial role in metabolic regulation and organ function in healthy humans. Consequently, further investigation is needed into the homeostatic roles of eosinophils and eosinophil-mediated processes across different tissues and their varied microenvironments. Such work may provide important insights into the role of eosinophils not only under disease conditions but also in health. This narrative review synthesizes relevant publications retrieved from PubMed informed by author expertise to provide new insights into the diverse roles of eosinophils in health and disease, with particular emphasis on the implications for current and future development of eosinophil-targeted therapies.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85114988727&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.04.025
DO - 10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.04.025
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85114988727
SN - 0025-6196
VL - 96
SP - 2694
EP - 2707
JO - Mayo Clinic Proceedings
JF - Mayo Clinic Proceedings
IS - 10
ER -