TY - JOUR
T1 - Examining the association between exposome score for schizophrenia and functioning in schizophrenia, siblings, and healthy controls
T2 - Results from the EUGEI study
AU - Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) investigators
AU - Erzin, Gamze
AU - Pries, Lotta Katrin
AU - van Os, Jim
AU - Fusar-Poli, Laura
AU - Delespaul, Philippe
AU - Kenis, Gunter
AU - Luykx, Jurjen J.
AU - Lin, Bochao D.
AU - Richards, Alexander L.
AU - Akdede, Berna
AU - Binbay, Tolga
AU - Altınyazar, Vesile
AU - Yalınçetin, Berna
AU - Gümüş-Akay, Güvem
AU - Cihan, Burçin
AU - Soygür, Haldun
AU - Ulaş, Halis
AU - Cankurtaran, Eylem Şahin
AU - Kaymak, Semra Ulusoy
AU - Mihaljevic, Marina M.
AU - Andric-Petrovic, Sanja
AU - Mirjanic, Tijana
AU - Bernardo, Miguel
AU - Mezquida, Gisela
AU - Amoretti, Silvia
AU - Bobes, Julio
AU - Saiz, Pilar A.
AU - García-Portilla, Maria Paz
AU - Sanjuan, Julio
AU - Aguilar, Eduardo J.
AU - Santos, Jose Luis
AU - Jiménez-López, Estela
AU - Arrojo, Manuel
AU - Carracedo, Angel
AU - López, Gonzalo
AU - González-Peñas, Javier
AU - Parellada, Mara
AU - Maric, Nadja P.
AU - Atbaşoğlu, Cem
AU - Ucok, Alp
AU - Alptekin, Köksal
AU - Saka, Meram Can
AU - Arango, Celso
AU - O'Donovan, Micheal C.
AU - Rutten, Bart P.F.
AU - Guloksuz, Sinan
PY - 2021/3/19
Y1 - 2021/3/19
N2 - BACKGROUND: A cumulative environmental exposure score for schizophrenia (exposome score for schizophrenia [ES-SCZ]) may provide potential utility for risk stratification and outcome prediction. Here, we investigated whether ES-SCZ was associated with functioning in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder, unaffected siblings, and healthy controls. METHODS: This cross-sectional sample consisted of 1,261 patients, 1,282 unaffected siblings, and 1,525 healthy controls. The Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale was used to assess functioning. ES-SCZ was calculated based on our previously validated method. The association between ES-SCZ and the GAF dimensions (symptom and disability) was analyzed by applying regression models in each group (patients, siblings, and controls). Additional models included polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (PRS-SCZ) as a covariate. RESULTS: ES-SCZ was associated with the GAF dimensions in patients (symptom: B = -1.53, p-value = 0.001; disability: B = -1.44, p-value = 0.001), siblings (symptom: B = -3.07, p-value < 0.001; disability: B = -2.52, p-value < 0.001), and healthy controls (symptom: B = -1.50, p-value < 0.001; disability: B = -1.31, p-value < 0.001). The results remained the same after adjusting for PRS-SCZ. The degree of associations of ES-SCZ with both symptom and disability dimensions were higher in unaffected siblings than in patients and controls. By analyzing an independent dataset (the Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis study), we replicated the results observed in the patient group. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that ES-SCZ shows promise for enhancing risk prediction and stratification in research practice. From a clinical perspective, ES-SCZ may aid in efforts of clinical characterization, operationalizing transdiagnostic clinical staging models, and personalizing clinical management.
AB - BACKGROUND: A cumulative environmental exposure score for schizophrenia (exposome score for schizophrenia [ES-SCZ]) may provide potential utility for risk stratification and outcome prediction. Here, we investigated whether ES-SCZ was associated with functioning in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder, unaffected siblings, and healthy controls. METHODS: This cross-sectional sample consisted of 1,261 patients, 1,282 unaffected siblings, and 1,525 healthy controls. The Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale was used to assess functioning. ES-SCZ was calculated based on our previously validated method. The association between ES-SCZ and the GAF dimensions (symptom and disability) was analyzed by applying regression models in each group (patients, siblings, and controls). Additional models included polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (PRS-SCZ) as a covariate. RESULTS: ES-SCZ was associated with the GAF dimensions in patients (symptom: B = -1.53, p-value = 0.001; disability: B = -1.44, p-value = 0.001), siblings (symptom: B = -3.07, p-value < 0.001; disability: B = -2.52, p-value < 0.001), and healthy controls (symptom: B = -1.50, p-value < 0.001; disability: B = -1.31, p-value < 0.001). The results remained the same after adjusting for PRS-SCZ. The degree of associations of ES-SCZ with both symptom and disability dimensions were higher in unaffected siblings than in patients and controls. By analyzing an independent dataset (the Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis study), we replicated the results observed in the patient group. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that ES-SCZ shows promise for enhancing risk prediction and stratification in research practice. From a clinical perspective, ES-SCZ may aid in efforts of clinical characterization, operationalizing transdiagnostic clinical staging models, and personalizing clinical management.
KW - cannabis
KW - childhood trauma
KW - environment
KW - functioning
KW - psychosis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85104275896&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.19
DO - 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.19
M3 - Article
C2 - 33736735
AN - SCOPUS:85104275896
SN - 0924-9338
VL - 64
SP - e25
JO - European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists
JF - European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists
IS - 1
ER -