Exercise and Heat Stress in Well-Healed Burn Survivors: Effects of Cooling Modalities on Thermal and Perceptual Responses

Whitley C Atkins; Josh Foster; Zachary J McKenna; Caitlin P Jarrard; Joseph C Watso; Luke N Belval; Ollie Jay; Craig G Crandall

doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000003557

Exercise and Heat Stress in Well-Healed Burn Survivors: Effects of Cooling Modalities on Thermal and Perceptual Responses

Whitley C Atkins, Josh Foster, Zachary J McKenna, Caitlin P Jarrard, Joseph C Watso, Luke N Belval, Ollie Jay, Craig G Crandall

Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

2 Citations (Scopus)

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Abstract

PURPOSE: Burn injuries that require grafting impair thermoregulation, which may dissuade individuals with such injuries from being physically active. We tested the hypothesis that cooling modalities attenuate core temperature elevations and perceptions of heat stress during physical activity in the heat among adults with well-healed burn injuries.

METHODS: Adults with no burn injuries (non-burned), 20-40% body surface area burn injuries (moderate burn), and > 40% body surface area burn injuries (large burn) performed 1 hour of moderate intensity exercise (2.5 ± 0.2 mph and 2% grade) on four different occasions in two environmental conditions (30 °C & 39 °C, 40% relative humidity). Within each environmental condition, we applied one of the following cooling modalities, random assigned, for each visit: no cooling (control), fan at 4 m/s (fan), water spray every 5 min (water spray; scaled to burn area size), or a combination of water spray + fan.

RESULTS: In 30 °C, perceptual strain index (PeSI) was reduced in the non-burned and moderate burn groups with water spray + fan, whereas PeSI was reduced with all cooling modalities in the large burn group. The cooling modalities did not affect core temperature responses. In the 39 °C environment, water spray and water spray + fan attenuated the elevation in core temperature (p ≤ 0.007) only in the large burn group. In the moderate burn group, PeSI was decreased with water spray + fan (p = 0.017). In the large burn group, both water spray alone and water spray + fan (p ≤ 0.041) lowered PeSI.

CONCLUSIONS: For both environments across burn groups, the applied cooling modalities were generally more effective at reducing indices of perceptual strain relative to indices of thermal strain (e.g., core temperature).

Original language	English
Journal	Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
Early online date	16 Sept 2024
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003557
Publication status	E-pub ahead of print - 16 Sept 2024

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10.1249/MSS.0000000000003557

Exercise and Heat Stress in Well-Healed Burn Survivors - Effects of Cooling Modalities on Thermal and Perceptual ResponsesAccepted author manuscript, 2.94 MB

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@article{41c45fd4a03644c88d0a892fac22b992,

title = "Exercise and Heat Stress in Well-Healed Burn Survivors: Effects of Cooling Modalities on Thermal and Perceptual Responses",

abstract = "PURPOSE: Burn injuries that require grafting impair thermoregulation, which may dissuade individuals with such injuries from being physically active. We tested the hypothesis that cooling modalities attenuate core temperature elevations and perceptions of heat stress during physical activity in the heat among adults with well-healed burn injuries.METHODS: Adults with no burn injuries (non-burned), 20-40% body surface area burn injuries (moderate burn), and > 40% body surface area burn injuries (large burn) performed 1 hour of moderate intensity exercise (2.5 ± 0.2 mph and 2% grade) on four different occasions in two environmental conditions (30 °C & 39 °C, 40% relative humidity). Within each environmental condition, we applied one of the following cooling modalities, random assigned, for each visit: no cooling (control), fan at 4 m/s (fan), water spray every 5 min (water spray; scaled to burn area size), or a combination of water spray + fan.RESULTS: In 30 °C, perceptual strain index (PeSI) was reduced in the non-burned and moderate burn groups with water spray + fan, whereas PeSI was reduced with all cooling modalities in the large burn group. The cooling modalities did not affect core temperature responses. In the 39 °C environment, water spray and water spray + fan attenuated the elevation in core temperature (p ≤ 0.007) only in the large burn group. In the moderate burn group, PeSI was decreased with water spray + fan (p = 0.017). In the large burn group, both water spray alone and water spray + fan (p ≤ 0.041) lowered PeSI.CONCLUSIONS: For both environments across burn groups, the applied cooling modalities were generally more effective at reducing indices of perceptual strain relative to indices of thermal strain (e.g., core temperature).",

author = "Atkins, {Whitley C} and Josh Foster and McKenna, {Zachary J} and Jarrard, {Caitlin P} and Watso, {Joseph C} and Belval, {Luke N} and Ollie Jay and Crandall, {Craig G}",

year = "2024",

month = sep,

day = "16",

doi = "10.1249/MSS.0000000000003557",

language = "English",

journal = "Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Exercise and Heat Stress in Well-Healed Burn Survivors

T2 - Effects of Cooling Modalities on Thermal and Perceptual Responses

AU - Atkins, Whitley C

AU - Foster, Josh

AU - McKenna, Zachary J

AU - Jarrard, Caitlin P

AU - Watso, Joseph C

AU - Belval, Luke N

AU - Jay, Ollie

AU - Crandall, Craig G

PY - 2024/9/16

Y1 - 2024/9/16

N2 - PURPOSE: Burn injuries that require grafting impair thermoregulation, which may dissuade individuals with such injuries from being physically active. We tested the hypothesis that cooling modalities attenuate core temperature elevations and perceptions of heat stress during physical activity in the heat among adults with well-healed burn injuries.METHODS: Adults with no burn injuries (non-burned), 20-40% body surface area burn injuries (moderate burn), and > 40% body surface area burn injuries (large burn) performed 1 hour of moderate intensity exercise (2.5 ± 0.2 mph and 2% grade) on four different occasions in two environmental conditions (30 °C & 39 °C, 40% relative humidity). Within each environmental condition, we applied one of the following cooling modalities, random assigned, for each visit: no cooling (control), fan at 4 m/s (fan), water spray every 5 min (water spray; scaled to burn area size), or a combination of water spray + fan.RESULTS: In 30 °C, perceptual strain index (PeSI) was reduced in the non-burned and moderate burn groups with water spray + fan, whereas PeSI was reduced with all cooling modalities in the large burn group. The cooling modalities did not affect core temperature responses. In the 39 °C environment, water spray and water spray + fan attenuated the elevation in core temperature (p ≤ 0.007) only in the large burn group. In the moderate burn group, PeSI was decreased with water spray + fan (p = 0.017). In the large burn group, both water spray alone and water spray + fan (p ≤ 0.041) lowered PeSI.CONCLUSIONS: For both environments across burn groups, the applied cooling modalities were generally more effective at reducing indices of perceptual strain relative to indices of thermal strain (e.g., core temperature).

AB - PURPOSE: Burn injuries that require grafting impair thermoregulation, which may dissuade individuals with such injuries from being physically active. We tested the hypothesis that cooling modalities attenuate core temperature elevations and perceptions of heat stress during physical activity in the heat among adults with well-healed burn injuries.METHODS: Adults with no burn injuries (non-burned), 20-40% body surface area burn injuries (moderate burn), and > 40% body surface area burn injuries (large burn) performed 1 hour of moderate intensity exercise (2.5 ± 0.2 mph and 2% grade) on four different occasions in two environmental conditions (30 °C & 39 °C, 40% relative humidity). Within each environmental condition, we applied one of the following cooling modalities, random assigned, for each visit: no cooling (control), fan at 4 m/s (fan), water spray every 5 min (water spray; scaled to burn area size), or a combination of water spray + fan.RESULTS: In 30 °C, perceptual strain index (PeSI) was reduced in the non-burned and moderate burn groups with water spray + fan, whereas PeSI was reduced with all cooling modalities in the large burn group. The cooling modalities did not affect core temperature responses. In the 39 °C environment, water spray and water spray + fan attenuated the elevation in core temperature (p ≤ 0.007) only in the large burn group. In the moderate burn group, PeSI was decreased with water spray + fan (p = 0.017). In the large burn group, both water spray alone and water spray + fan (p ≤ 0.041) lowered PeSI.CONCLUSIONS: For both environments across burn groups, the applied cooling modalities were generally more effective at reducing indices of perceptual strain relative to indices of thermal strain (e.g., core temperature).

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U2 - 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003557

DO - 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003557

M3 - Article

C2 - 39283237

SN - 0195-9131

JO - Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

JF - Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

ER -

Exercise and Heat Stress in Well-Healed Burn Survivors: Effects of Cooling Modalities on Thermal and Perceptual Responses

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