Experiential factors affecting the empathy of students in their pre-clinical year(s) of 21 universities

Joseph Vigoda; Adedeji Adeniyi; Lisl Tudor; Cecilia Brassett; Sean McWatt; Mandeep G. Sagoo; Richard Wingate; Chung Liang Chien; Hannes Traxler; Jens Waschke; Franziska Vielmuth; Anna Sigmund; Takeshi Sakurai; Yukari Yamada; Mina Zeroual; Jorgen Olsen; Salma El-Batti; Suvi Viranta-Kovanen; Kevin Keay; Shuji Kitahara; Neus Martínez-Abadías; Maria E. Esteban-Torné; Jill Helms; Chiarella Sforza; Nicoletta Gagliano; Madeleine Norris; Derek Harmon; Masato Yasui; Midori Ichiko; Sammi Lee; Shaina Reid; Ariella Lang; Carol Kunzel; Michael Joseph; Leo Buehler; Mark Hardy; Snehal Patel; Paulette Bernd; Heike Kielstein; William Stewart; Anne Kellett; Anette Wu; Geoffroy Noel

doi:10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.S1.R2742

Experiential factors affecting the empathy of students in their pre-clinical year(s) of 21 universities

Joseph Vigoda, Adedeji Adeniyi, Lisl Tudor, Cecilia Brassett, Sean McWatt, Mandeep G. Sagoo, Richard Wingate, Chung Liang Chien, Hannes Traxler, Jens Waschke, Franziska Vielmuth, Anna Sigmund, Takeshi Sakurai, Yukari Yamada, Mina Zeroual, Jorgen Olsen, Salma El-Batti, Suvi Viranta-Kovanen, Kevin Keay, Shuji KitaharaNeus Martínez-Abadías, Maria E. Esteban-Torné, Jill Helms, Chiarella Sforza, Nicoletta Gagliano, Madeleine Norris, Derek Harmon, Masato Yasui, Midori Ichiko, Sammi Lee, Shaina Reid, Ariella Lang, Carol Kunzel, Michael Joseph, Leo Buehler, Mark Hardy, Snehal Patel, Paulette Bernd, Heike Kielstein, William Stewart, Anne Kellett, Anette Wu, Geoffroy Noel

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Abstract

Hands-on cadaveric dissection is often considered an important factor in shaping the emotional identity of medical and dental students as healthcare providers. This study explores how demographic and/or experiential factors affect the empathy of students in their pre-clinical year(s) of medical or dental school. In the Summer of 2021 and Fall of 2021, a total of 530 students from 21 universities around the world participating in the International Collaboration and Exchange (ICE) Program, completed a validated questionnaire containing the Santa Clara Brief Compassion (SCBC) Scale and the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ). Responses to the SCBC and TEQ were tested for variance and covariance against age group, sex, clinical experience, year of health professional school, format of anatomy education, hours of study on prosections and/or hours of hands-on cadaveric dissection in their respective curricula; and whether their school provides an opportunity for reflection, information about the body donors, a memorial service, and/or addresses empathy in their curricula. Results show that having 40-90 hours of hands-on cadaveric dissection vs 0 hours yielded higher SCBC averages (p = 0.0206) and TEQ scores (p = 0.0031); and having 20-40 hours of hands-on cadaveric dissection vs 0 hours also resulted in higher TEQ scores (p = 0.0105). Comparisons of hours of study on prosections, format of anatomy education, clinical experience, and year of health professional school yielded no significant results in relation to empathy scores. Our study found that across different regions of the world, curricula emphasizing dissection are best at preparing students to become more empathetic healthcare providers. While none of the other curricular factors proved significant, this study confirms the merit of hands-on cadaveric dissection in the emotional development of medical and dental students.

Original language	English
Journal	FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
Volume	36
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.S1.R2742
Publication status	Published - 13 May 2022

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Vigoda, J., Adeniyi, A., Tudor, L., Brassett, C., McWatt, S., Sagoo, M. G., Wingate, R., Chien, C. L., Traxler, H., Waschke, J., Vielmuth, F., Sigmund, A., Sakurai, T., Yamada, Y., Zeroual, M., Olsen, J., El-Batti, S., Viranta-Kovanen, S., Keay, K., ... Noel, G. (2022). Experiential factors affecting the empathy of students in their pre-clinical year(s) of 21 universities. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 36. https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.S1.R2742

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title = "Experiential factors affecting the empathy of students in their pre-clinical year(s) of 21 universities",

abstract = "Hands-on cadaveric dissection is often considered an important factor in shaping the emotional identity of medical and dental students as healthcare providers. This study explores how demographic and/or experiential factors affect the empathy of students in their pre-clinical year(s) of medical or dental school. In the Summer of 2021 and Fall of 2021, a total of 530 students from 21 universities around the world participating in the International Collaboration and Exchange (ICE) Program, completed a validated questionnaire containing the Santa Clara Brief Compassion (SCBC) Scale and the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ). Responses to the SCBC and TEQ were tested for variance and covariance against age group, sex, clinical experience, year of health professional school, format of anatomy education, hours of study on prosections and/or hours of hands-on cadaveric dissection in their respective curricula; and whether their school provides an opportunity for reflection, information about the body donors, a memorial service, and/or addresses empathy in their curricula. Results show that having 40-90 hours of hands-on cadaveric dissection vs 0 hours yielded higher SCBC averages (p = 0.0206) and TEQ scores (p = 0.0031); and having 20-40 hours of hands-on cadaveric dissection vs 0 hours also resulted in higher TEQ scores (p = 0.0105). Comparisons of hours of study on prosections, format of anatomy education, clinical experience, and year of health professional school yielded no significant results in relation to empathy scores. Our study found that across different regions of the world, curricula emphasizing dissection are best at preparing students to become more empathetic healthcare providers. While none of the other curricular factors proved significant, this study confirms the merit of hands-on cadaveric dissection in the emotional development of medical and dental students.",

author = "Joseph Vigoda and Adedeji Adeniyi and Lisl Tudor and Cecilia Brassett and Sean McWatt and Sagoo, {Mandeep G.} and Richard Wingate and Chien, {Chung Liang} and Hannes Traxler and Jens Waschke and Franziska Vielmuth and Anna Sigmund and Takeshi Sakurai and Yukari Yamada and Mina Zeroual and Jorgen Olsen and Salma El-Batti and Suvi Viranta-Kovanen and Kevin Keay and Shuji Kitahara and Neus Mart{\'i}nez-Abad{\'i}as and Esteban-Torn{\'e}, {Maria E.} and Jill Helms and Chiarella Sforza and Nicoletta Gagliano and Madeleine Norris and Derek Harmon and Masato Yasui and Midori Ichiko and Sammi Lee and Shaina Reid and Ariella Lang and Carol Kunzel and Michael Joseph and Leo Buehler and Mark Hardy and Snehal Patel and Paulette Bernd and Heike Kielstein and William Stewart and Anne Kellett and Anette Wu and Geoffroy Noel",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} FASEB.",

year = "2022",

month = may,

day = "13",

doi = "10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.S1.R2742",

language = "English",

volume = "36",

journal = "FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology",

issn = "1530-6860",

publisher = "Federation of American Society of Experimental Biology (FASEB)",

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Vigoda, J, Adeniyi, A, Tudor, L, Brassett, C, McWatt, S, Sagoo, MG , Wingate, R, Chien, CL, Traxler, H, Waschke, J, Vielmuth, F, Sigmund, A, Sakurai, T, Yamada, Y, Zeroual, M, Olsen, J, El-Batti, S, Viranta-Kovanen, S, Keay, K, Kitahara, S, Martínez-Abadías, N, Esteban-Torné, ME, Helms, J, Sforza, C, Gagliano, N, Norris, M, Harmon, D, Yasui, M, Ichiko, M, Lee, S, Reid, S, Lang, A, Kunzel, C, Joseph, M, Buehler, L, Hardy, M, Patel, S, Bernd, P, Kielstein, H, Stewart, W, Kellett, A, Wu, A & Noel, G 2022, 'Experiential factors affecting the empathy of students in their pre-clinical year(s) of 21 universities', FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, vol. 36. https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.S1.R2742

TY - JOUR

T1 - Experiential factors affecting the empathy of students in their pre-clinical year(s) of 21 universities

AU - Vigoda, Joseph

AU - Adeniyi, Adedeji

AU - Tudor, Lisl

AU - Brassett, Cecilia

AU - McWatt, Sean

AU - Sagoo, Mandeep G.

AU - Wingate, Richard

AU - Chien, Chung Liang

AU - Traxler, Hannes

AU - Waschke, Jens

AU - Vielmuth, Franziska

AU - Sigmund, Anna

AU - Sakurai, Takeshi

AU - Yamada, Yukari

AU - Zeroual, Mina

AU - Olsen, Jorgen

AU - El-Batti, Salma

AU - Viranta-Kovanen, Suvi

AU - Keay, Kevin

AU - Kitahara, Shuji

AU - Martínez-Abadías, Neus

AU - Esteban-Torné, Maria E.

AU - Helms, Jill

AU - Sforza, Chiarella

AU - Gagliano, Nicoletta

AU - Norris, Madeleine

AU - Harmon, Derek

AU - Yasui, Masato

AU - Ichiko, Midori

AU - Lee, Sammi

AU - Reid, Shaina

AU - Lang, Ariella

AU - Kunzel, Carol

AU - Joseph, Michael

AU - Buehler, Leo

AU - Hardy, Mark

AU - Patel, Snehal

AU - Bernd, Paulette

AU - Kielstein, Heike

AU - Stewart, William

AU - Kellett, Anne

AU - Wu, Anette

AU - Noel, Geoffroy

PY - 2022/5/13

Y1 - 2022/5/13

N2 - Hands-on cadaveric dissection is often considered an important factor in shaping the emotional identity of medical and dental students as healthcare providers. This study explores how demographic and/or experiential factors affect the empathy of students in their pre-clinical year(s) of medical or dental school. In the Summer of 2021 and Fall of 2021, a total of 530 students from 21 universities around the world participating in the International Collaboration and Exchange (ICE) Program, completed a validated questionnaire containing the Santa Clara Brief Compassion (SCBC) Scale and the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ). Responses to the SCBC and TEQ were tested for variance and covariance against age group, sex, clinical experience, year of health professional school, format of anatomy education, hours of study on prosections and/or hours of hands-on cadaveric dissection in their respective curricula; and whether their school provides an opportunity for reflection, information about the body donors, a memorial service, and/or addresses empathy in their curricula. Results show that having 40-90 hours of hands-on cadaveric dissection vs 0 hours yielded higher SCBC averages (p = 0.0206) and TEQ scores (p = 0.0031); and having 20-40 hours of hands-on cadaveric dissection vs 0 hours also resulted in higher TEQ scores (p = 0.0105). Comparisons of hours of study on prosections, format of anatomy education, clinical experience, and year of health professional school yielded no significant results in relation to empathy scores. Our study found that across different regions of the world, curricula emphasizing dissection are best at preparing students to become more empathetic healthcare providers. While none of the other curricular factors proved significant, this study confirms the merit of hands-on cadaveric dissection in the emotional development of medical and dental students.

AB - Hands-on cadaveric dissection is often considered an important factor in shaping the emotional identity of medical and dental students as healthcare providers. This study explores how demographic and/or experiential factors affect the empathy of students in their pre-clinical year(s) of medical or dental school. In the Summer of 2021 and Fall of 2021, a total of 530 students from 21 universities around the world participating in the International Collaboration and Exchange (ICE) Program, completed a validated questionnaire containing the Santa Clara Brief Compassion (SCBC) Scale and the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ). Responses to the SCBC and TEQ were tested for variance and covariance against age group, sex, clinical experience, year of health professional school, format of anatomy education, hours of study on prosections and/or hours of hands-on cadaveric dissection in their respective curricula; and whether their school provides an opportunity for reflection, information about the body donors, a memorial service, and/or addresses empathy in their curricula. Results show that having 40-90 hours of hands-on cadaveric dissection vs 0 hours yielded higher SCBC averages (p = 0.0206) and TEQ scores (p = 0.0031); and having 20-40 hours of hands-on cadaveric dissection vs 0 hours also resulted in higher TEQ scores (p = 0.0105). Comparisons of hours of study on prosections, format of anatomy education, clinical experience, and year of health professional school yielded no significant results in relation to empathy scores. Our study found that across different regions of the world, curricula emphasizing dissection are best at preparing students to become more empathetic healthcare providers. While none of the other curricular factors proved significant, this study confirms the merit of hands-on cadaveric dissection in the emotional development of medical and dental students.

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U2 - 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.S1.R2742

DO - 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.S1.R2742

M3 - Article

C2 - 35556827

AN - SCOPUS:85130056635

SN - 1530-6860

VL - 36

JO - FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

JF - FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

ER -

Experiential factors affecting the empathy of students in their pre-clinical year(s) of 21 universities

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