TY - JOUR
T1 - Exploring the role of age as a moderator of cognitive remediation for people with schizophrenia
AU - Seccomandi, Benedetta
AU - Agbedjro, Deborah
AU - Bell, Morris
AU - Keefe, Richard S.E.
AU - Keshavan, Matcheri
AU - Galderisi, Silvana
AU - Fiszdon, Joanna
AU - Mucci, Armida
AU - Cavallaro, Roberto
AU - Ojeda, Natalia
AU - Peña, Javier
AU - Müller, Daniel
AU - Roder, Volker
AU - Wykes, Til
AU - Cella, Matteo
PY - 2021/2
Y1 - 2021/2
N2 - Background: While Cognitive Remediation (CR) is effective in reducing cognitive and functioning difficulties in people with schizophrenia, there is variability in treatment response. Previous research suggested that participants' age may be a significant moderator of CR response. Aim: To examine the impact of participants' age on CR outcomes. Method: Individual participant data were accessed from fourteen CR randomised controlled trials. We tested the moderating effect of participants' age on cognitive and functioning outcomes using multivariate linear models. Results: Data from 1084 people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were considered. Participants had a mean age of 36.6 years (SD 11), with 11.6 years of education (SD 2.8), and an average duration of illness of 13.5 years (SD 10.7). Multivariate models showed that participants' age, when considered as a continuous variable, was not a significant moderator of treatment effect for cognitive and functioning outcomes. However, when participants were split by median age, younger participants showed higher gains in executive functions following CR compared to older participants (p=0.02). Conclusion: These results suggest that participants' age does not moderate most CR outcomes. However, larger age differences may influence the effect of CR on executive function. This may suggest some adaptation of CR practice according to participants' age. These findings inform the CR personalisation agenda.
AB - Background: While Cognitive Remediation (CR) is effective in reducing cognitive and functioning difficulties in people with schizophrenia, there is variability in treatment response. Previous research suggested that participants' age may be a significant moderator of CR response. Aim: To examine the impact of participants' age on CR outcomes. Method: Individual participant data were accessed from fourteen CR randomised controlled trials. We tested the moderating effect of participants' age on cognitive and functioning outcomes using multivariate linear models. Results: Data from 1084 people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were considered. Participants had a mean age of 36.6 years (SD 11), with 11.6 years of education (SD 2.8), and an average duration of illness of 13.5 years (SD 10.7). Multivariate models showed that participants' age, when considered as a continuous variable, was not a significant moderator of treatment effect for cognitive and functioning outcomes. However, when participants were split by median age, younger participants showed higher gains in executive functions following CR compared to older participants (p=0.02). Conclusion: These results suggest that participants' age does not moderate most CR outcomes. However, larger age differences may influence the effect of CR on executive function. This may suggest some adaptation of CR practice according to participants' age. These findings inform the CR personalisation agenda.
KW - Age
KW - Cognition
KW - Cognitive remediation
KW - Moderator
KW - Personalised treatment
KW - Schizophrenia
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85099244562&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.schres.2020.11.060
DO - 10.1016/j.schres.2020.11.060
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85099244562
SN - 0920-9964
VL - 228
SP - 29
EP - 35
JO - Schizophrenia Research
JF - Schizophrenia Research
ER -