TY - JOUR
T1 - Extended reality for procedural planning and guidance in structural heart disease - a review of the state-of-the-art
AU - Stephenson, Natasha
AU - Pushparajah, Kuberan
AU - Wheeler, Gavin
AU - Deng, Shujie
AU - Schnabel, Julia A
AU - Simpson, John M
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the British Heart Foundation funded 3D Heart project [TA/F/20/210021] and the Evelina London Children’s Charity. This work was also supported by previous funding from the NIHR i4i grant [II-LA-0716-20001]. The research was funded/supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre based at Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London and supported by the NIHR Clinical Research Facility (CRF) at Guy’s and St Thomas’. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the BHF, the NIHR or the Department of Health.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, The Author(s).
PY - 2023/7
Y1 - 2023/7
N2 - Extended reality (XR), which encompasses virtual, augmented and mixed reality, is an emerging medical imaging display platform which enables intuitive and immersive interaction in a three-dimensional space. This technology holds the potential to enhance understanding of complex spatial relationships when planning and guiding cardiac procedures in congenital and structural heart disease moving beyond conventional 2D and 3D image displays. A systematic review of the literature demonstrates a rapid increase in publications describing adoption of this technology. At least 33 XR systems have been described, with many demonstrating proof of concept, but with no specific mention of regulatory approval including some prospective studies. Validation remains limited, and true clinical benefit difficult to measure. This review describes and critically appraises the range of XR technologies and its applications for procedural planning and guidance in structural heart disease while discussing the challenges that need to be overcome in future studies to achieve safe and effective clinical adoption.
AB - Extended reality (XR), which encompasses virtual, augmented and mixed reality, is an emerging medical imaging display platform which enables intuitive and immersive interaction in a three-dimensional space. This technology holds the potential to enhance understanding of complex spatial relationships when planning and guiding cardiac procedures in congenital and structural heart disease moving beyond conventional 2D and 3D image displays. A systematic review of the literature demonstrates a rapid increase in publications describing adoption of this technology. At least 33 XR systems have been described, with many demonstrating proof of concept, but with no specific mention of regulatory approval including some prospective studies. Validation remains limited, and true clinical benefit difficult to measure. This review describes and critically appraises the range of XR technologies and its applications for procedural planning and guidance in structural heart disease while discussing the challenges that need to be overcome in future studies to achieve safe and effective clinical adoption.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85153745901&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s10554-023-02823-z
DO - 10.1007/s10554-023-02823-z
M3 - Review article
C2 - 37103667
SN - 1569-5794
VL - 39
SP - 1405
EP - 1419
JO - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
JF - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
IS - 7
ER -