TY - JOUR
T1 - Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Mitochondrial Reprogramming in Cancer
AU - Carles-Fontana, Roger
AU - Heaton, Nigel
AU - Palma, Elena
AU - Khorsandi, Shirin E.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by a donation from the McAlpine family via King?s College Hospital Charity (UK registered charity 1165593).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2022/4/1
Y1 - 2022/4/1
N2 - Altered metabolism is a defining hallmark of cancer. Metabolic adaptations are often linked to a reprogramming of the mitochondria due to the importance of these organelles in energy production and biosynthesis. Cancer cells present heterogeneous metabolic phenotypes that can be modulated by signals originating from the tumor microenvironment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are recognized as key players in intercellular communications and mediate many of the hallmarks of cancer via the delivery of their diverse biological cargo molecules. Firstly, this review introduces the most characteristic changes that the EV-biogenesis machinery and mitochondria undergo in the context of cancer. Then, it focuses on the EV-driven processes which alter mitochondrial structure, composition, and function to provide a survival advantage to cancer cells in the context of the hallmarks of cancers, such as altered metabolic strategies, migration and invasiveness, immune surveillance escape, and evasion of apoptosis. Finally, it explores the as yet untapped potential of targeting mitochondria using EVs as delivery vectors as a promising cancer therapeutic strategy.
AB - Altered metabolism is a defining hallmark of cancer. Metabolic adaptations are often linked to a reprogramming of the mitochondria due to the importance of these organelles in energy production and biosynthesis. Cancer cells present heterogeneous metabolic phenotypes that can be modulated by signals originating from the tumor microenvironment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are recognized as key players in intercellular communications and mediate many of the hallmarks of cancer via the delivery of their diverse biological cargo molecules. Firstly, this review introduces the most characteristic changes that the EV-biogenesis machinery and mitochondria undergo in the context of cancer. Then, it focuses on the EV-driven processes which alter mitochondrial structure, composition, and function to provide a survival advantage to cancer cells in the context of the hallmarks of cancers, such as altered metabolic strategies, migration and invasiveness, immune surveillance escape, and evasion of apoptosis. Finally, it explores the as yet untapped potential of targeting mitochondria using EVs as delivery vectors as a promising cancer therapeutic strategy.
KW - metabolism
KW - miRNA
KW - mitochondrial dynamics
KW - tumor microenvironment (TME)
KW - tumor-derived EVs (TEVs)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85127737970&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/cancers14081865
DO - 10.3390/cancers14081865
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85127737970
SN - 2072-6694
VL - 14
JO - Cancers
JF - Cancers
IS - 8
M1 - 1865
ER -
