TY - JOUR
T1 - Faster speed of onset of the depressive episode is associated with lower cytokine serum levels (IL-2, -4, -6, -10, TNF-α and IFN-γ) in patients with major depression
AU - Buspavanich, Pichit
AU - Adli, Mazda
AU - Himmerich, Hubertus
AU - Berger, Maximilian
AU - Busche, Marlene
AU - Schlattmann, Peter
AU - Bopp, Sandra
AU - Bschor, Tom
AU - Richter, Christoph
AU - Steinacher, Bruno
AU - Stoppel, Christian
AU - Hindinger, Claudia
AU - Meyer, Saskia
AU - Hoffmann, Kai
AU - Stamm, Thomas
AU - Gabriel, Alexander
AU - Merkl, Angela
AU - Goerke-Arndt, Franziska
AU - Köhler, Stephan
AU - Sterzer, Phillip
AU - Heinz, Andreas
AU - Behr, Joachim
AU - Fakhri, Hajar
AU - Lang, Florian
AU - Lang, Undine E.
AU - Ricken, Roland
N1 - Funding Information:
The study was funded by resources of the Mood Disorders Research Group at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Medicine Berlin , Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Mitte .
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021
Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/9
Y1 - 2021/9
N2 - Introduction: Cytokines might play a key role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). The speed of onset of depressive episodes has been discussed as an important clinical parameter in MDD. The aim of this study was to investigate a potential influence of the speed of onset of the depressive episode on cytokine serum levels. Method: Serum level of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) granulocyte and monocyte colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were measured in a total of 92 patients with MDD that did not respond to at least one previous antidepressant treatment. Patients were retrospectively divided in two groups: Faster (≤4 weeks) and slower (>4 weeks) onset of the depressive episode defined as the time passing from the first depressive symptoms to a full-blown depressive episode by using information from a clinical interview. Results: We found significantly lower serum levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ in patients with a faster onset compared to patients with a slower onset of the depressive episodes. Furthermore, lower cytokine serum levels of IL-2, IL-8, IL-10 and IFN-γ were found in patients with a shorter duration (less than 6 months) compared to a longer duration (6–24 months) of the current depressive episode. This effect on cytokines was independent from the effect of the speed of onset of the depressive episode. Conclusions: Patients with faster onset of the depressive episode might represent a biological subtype of MDD with lower serum levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ.
AB - Introduction: Cytokines might play a key role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). The speed of onset of depressive episodes has been discussed as an important clinical parameter in MDD. The aim of this study was to investigate a potential influence of the speed of onset of the depressive episode on cytokine serum levels. Method: Serum level of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) granulocyte and monocyte colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were measured in a total of 92 patients with MDD that did not respond to at least one previous antidepressant treatment. Patients were retrospectively divided in two groups: Faster (≤4 weeks) and slower (>4 weeks) onset of the depressive episode defined as the time passing from the first depressive symptoms to a full-blown depressive episode by using information from a clinical interview. Results: We found significantly lower serum levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ in patients with a faster onset compared to patients with a slower onset of the depressive episodes. Furthermore, lower cytokine serum levels of IL-2, IL-8, IL-10 and IFN-γ were found in patients with a shorter duration (less than 6 months) compared to a longer duration (6–24 months) of the current depressive episode. This effect on cytokines was independent from the effect of the speed of onset of the depressive episode. Conclusions: Patients with faster onset of the depressive episode might represent a biological subtype of MDD with lower serum levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ.
KW - Cytokine
KW - Major depressive disorder
KW - Onset of the depressive episode
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85109840877&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.06.033
DO - 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.06.033
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85109840877
SN - 0022-3956
VL - 141
SP - 287
EP - 292
JO - Journal of psychiatric research
JF - Journal of psychiatric research
ER -