Fluid shear stress affects the metabolic and toxicological response of the rainbow trout gill cell line RTgill-W1

TY - JOUR

T1 - Fluid shear stress affects the metabolic and toxicological response of the rainbow trout gill cell line RTgill-W1

AU - Fenton, Penelope C.

AU - Turner, Christopher J.

AU - Hogstrand, Christer

AU - Bury, Nicolas R.

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

PY - 2023/8

Y1 - 2023/8

N2 - The Rainbow trout gill cell-line (RTgill-W1) has been accepted by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD TG249) as a replacement for fish in acute toxicity tests. In these tests cells are exposed under static conditions. In contrast, in vivo, water moves over fish gills generating fluid shear stress (FSS) that alters cell physiology and response to toxicants. The current study uses a specialised 3D printed chamber designed to house inserts and allows for the flow (0.2 dynes cm2) of water over the cells. This system was used to assess RTgill-W1 cell responses to FSS in the absence and presence of copper (Cu) over 24 h. FSS caused increased gene expression of mechanosensitive channel peizo1 and the Cu-transporter atp7a, elevated reactive oxygen species generation and increased expression of superoxidase dismutase. Cell metabolism was unaffected by Cu (0.163 μM to 2.6 μM Cu) under static conditions but significantly reduced by FSS + Cu above 1.3 μM. Differential expression of metallothionein (mt) a and b was observed with increased expression of mta under static conditions and mtb under FSS on exposure to Cu. These findings highlight toxicologically relevant mechanosensory responses by RTgill-W1 to FSS that may influence toxicological responses.

AB - The Rainbow trout gill cell-line (RTgill-W1) has been accepted by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD TG249) as a replacement for fish in acute toxicity tests. In these tests cells are exposed under static conditions. In contrast, in vivo, water moves over fish gills generating fluid shear stress (FSS) that alters cell physiology and response to toxicants. The current study uses a specialised 3D printed chamber designed to house inserts and allows for the flow (0.2 dynes cm2) of water over the cells. This system was used to assess RTgill-W1 cell responses to FSS in the absence and presence of copper (Cu) over 24 h. FSS caused increased gene expression of mechanosensitive channel peizo1 and the Cu-transporter atp7a, elevated reactive oxygen species generation and increased expression of superoxidase dismutase. Cell metabolism was unaffected by Cu (0.163 μM to 2.6 μM Cu) under static conditions but significantly reduced by FSS + Cu above 1.3 μM. Differential expression of metallothionein (mt) a and b was observed with increased expression of mta under static conditions and mtb under FSS on exposure to Cu. These findings highlight toxicologically relevant mechanosensory responses by RTgill-W1 to FSS that may influence toxicological responses.

KW - Copper toxicity

KW - Fluid shear stress

KW - Gills

KW - Mechanosensory

KW - RTgill-W1

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85151542597&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105590

DO - 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105590

M3 - Article

C2 - 36997009

AN - SCOPUS:85151542597

SN - 0887-2333

VL - 90

JO - Toxicology in Vitro

JF - Toxicology in Vitro

M1 - 105590

ER -