Fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy and imaging of nano-engineered glucose sensor microcapsules based on glucose/galactose-binding protein

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Abstract

We aimed to develop microsensors for eventual glucose monitoring in diabetes, based on fluorescence lifetime changes in glucose/galactose-binding protein (GBP) labelled with the environmentally sensitive fluorophore dye, badan. A mutant of GBP was labelled with badan near the binding site, the protein adsorbed to microparticles of CaCO(3) as templates and encapsulated in alternating nano-layers of poly-L-lysine and heparin. We used fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) with two-photon excitation and time-correlated single-photon counting to visualize the lifetime changes in the capsules. Addition of glucose increased the mean lifetime of GBP-badan by a maximum of approximately 2 ns. Analysis of fluorescence decay curves was consistent with two GBP states, a short-lifetime component (approximately 0.8 ns), likely representing the open form of the protein with no bound glucose, and a long-lifetime component (approximately 3.1 ns) representing the closed form with bound glucose and where the lobes of GBP have closed round the dye creating a more hydrophobic environment. FLIM demonstrated that increasing glucose increased the fractional proportion of the long-lifetime component. We conclude that fluorescence lifetime-based glucose sensing using GBP encapsulated with nano-engineered layer-by-layer films is a glucose monitoring technology suitable for development in diabetes management.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)3229 - 3234
Number of pages6
JournalBiosensors and Bioelectronics
Volume24
Issue number11
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 15 Jul 2009

Keywords

  • Galactose
  • Capsules
  • Nanomedicine
  • Enzyme Activation
  • Particle Size
  • Glucose
  • Protein Binding
  • Biosensing Techniques
  • Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton
  • Microscopy, Fluorescence
  • Enzyme Stability
  • Kinetics
  • Materials Testing
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanostructures

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