Focusing light through multimode fibres using a digital micromirror device: a comparison study of non-holographic approaches

TY - JOUR

T1 - Focusing light through multimode fibres using a digital micromirror device: a comparison study of non-holographic approaches

AU - Zhao, Tianrui

AU - Ourselin, Sebastien

AU - Vercauteren, Tom

AU - Xia, Wenfeng

N1 - Funding Information: Wellcome Trust (203148/Z/16/Z, WT101957); Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (NS/A000027/1, NS/A000049/1). Publisher Copyright: © 2021 OSA - The Optical Society. All rights reserved. Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

PY - 2021/5/10

Y1 - 2021/5/10

N2 - Focusing light through a multimode fibre (MMF) has attracted significant researchinterest, mainly driven by the need for miniature endoscopes in biomedicine. In recent years, digital micromirror devices (DMD) have become increasingly popular as a high-speed alternative to liquid-crystal spatial light modulators for light focusing via wavefront shaping based on binary amplitude modulations. To exploit the potentials and limitations of the state-of-the-art DMD-based wavefront shaping methods, in this study, for the first time, we compared fourrepresentative, non-holographic and DMD-based methods that are reported so far in literature with the same experimental and simulation conditions, including a real-valued intensity transmission matrix (RVITM)-based algorithm, a complex-valued transmission matrix (TM)-based algorithm, a conditional probability algorithm and a genetic algorithm. We investigated the maximum achievable peak-to-background ratio (PBR) in comparison to theoretical expectations, and further improved the performance of the RVITM-based method. With both numerical simulations and experiments, we found that the genetic algorithm offered the highest PBR but suffered from the lowest focusing speed, while the RVITM-based algorithm provided a comparable PBR to that of the genetic algorithm, and the highest focusing speed.

AB - Focusing light through a multimode fibre (MMF) has attracted significant researchinterest, mainly driven by the need for miniature endoscopes in biomedicine. In recent years, digital micromirror devices (DMD) have become increasingly popular as a high-speed alternative to liquid-crystal spatial light modulators for light focusing via wavefront shaping based on binary amplitude modulations. To exploit the potentials and limitations of the state-of-the-art DMD-based wavefront shaping methods, in this study, for the first time, we compared fourrepresentative, non-holographic and DMD-based methods that are reported so far in literature with the same experimental and simulation conditions, including a real-valued intensity transmission matrix (RVITM)-based algorithm, a complex-valued transmission matrix (TM)-based algorithm, a conditional probability algorithm and a genetic algorithm. We investigated the maximum achievable peak-to-background ratio (PBR) in comparison to theoretical expectations, and further improved the performance of the RVITM-based method. With both numerical simulations and experiments, we found that the genetic algorithm offered the highest PBR but suffered from the lowest focusing speed, while the RVITM-based algorithm provided a comparable PBR to that of the genetic algorithm, and the highest focusing speed.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85105777994&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1364/OE.420718

DO - 10.1364/OE.420718

M3 - Article

SN - 1094-4087

VL - 29

SP - 14269

EP - 14281

JO - OPTICS EXPRESS

JF - OPTICS EXPRESS

IS - 10

M1 - 420718

ER -