TY - JOUR
T1 - Functional MRS studies of GABA and glutamate/Glx – A systematic review and meta-analysis
AU - Pasanta, Duanghathai
AU - He, Jason L.
AU - Ford, Talitha
AU - Oeltzschner, Georg
AU - Lythgoe, David J.
AU - Puts, Nicolaas A.
N1 - Funding Information:
DP is funded by a Chang Phueak Scholarship, Chiang Mai University, ChiangMai, Thailand . GO receives salary support from R00 AG062230 and R21 EB033516 .
Funding Information:
DP is funded by a Chang Phueak Scholarship, Chiang Mai University, ChiangMai, Thailand. GO receives salary support from R00 AG062230 and R21 EB033516.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022
PY - 2023/1
Y1 - 2023/1
N2 - Functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS) can be used to investigate neurometabolic responses to external stimuli in-vivo, but findings are inconsistent. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on fMRS studies of the primary neurotransmitters Glutamate (Glu), Glx (Glutamate + Glutamine), and GABA. Data were extracted, grouped by metabolite, stimulus domain, and brain region, and analysed by determining standardized effect sizes. The quality of individual studies was rated. When results were analysed by metabolite type small to moderate effect sizes of 0.29–0.47 (p < 0.05) were observed for changes in Glu and Glx regardless of stimulus domain and brain region, but no significant effects were observed for GABA. Further analysis suggests that Glu, Glx and GABA responses differ by stimulus domain or task and vary depending on the time course of stimulation and data acquisition. Here, we establish effect sizes and directionality of GABA, Glu and Glx response in fMRS. This work highlights the importance of standardised reporting and minimal best practice for fMRS research.
AB - Functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS) can be used to investigate neurometabolic responses to external stimuli in-vivo, but findings are inconsistent. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on fMRS studies of the primary neurotransmitters Glutamate (Glu), Glx (Glutamate + Glutamine), and GABA. Data were extracted, grouped by metabolite, stimulus domain, and brain region, and analysed by determining standardized effect sizes. The quality of individual studies was rated. When results were analysed by metabolite type small to moderate effect sizes of 0.29–0.47 (p < 0.05) were observed for changes in Glu and Glx regardless of stimulus domain and brain region, but no significant effects were observed for GABA. Further analysis suggests that Glu, Glx and GABA responses differ by stimulus domain or task and vary depending on the time course of stimulation and data acquisition. Here, we establish effect sizes and directionality of GABA, Glu and Glx response in fMRS. This work highlights the importance of standardised reporting and minimal best practice for fMRS research.
KW - FMRS
KW - Functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy
KW - GABA
KW - Glutamate
KW - Glx
KW - Meta-analysis
KW - Review
KW - Systematic
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85142896258&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104940
DO - 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104940
M3 - Review article
C2 - 36332780
AN - SCOPUS:85142896258
SN - 0149-7634
VL - 144
JO - Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
JF - Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
M1 - 104940
ER -