Gender Discrimination in Global Clothing Tariffs

TY - JOUR

T1 - Gender Discrimination in Global Clothing Tariffs

AU - Scott, James

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2025 The Author(s). Global Policy published by Durham University and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

PY - 2025/11

Y1 - 2025/11

N2 - There is increasing recognition of women suffering a ‘pink tax’, paying higher prices for (near) identical products than those marketed to men. One potential cause of this is governments charging different import tariffs on men's and women's clothing, facilitated by the fact that the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (HS) splits all apparel by gender. This article examines four questions: why are the HS codes disaggregated by gender in this one sector; to what extent do countries charge different tariffs on men's and women's clothing; where they do, who is being discriminated against; and how is the level and direction of discrimination changing over time? The analysis finds that around three quarters of countries do not discriminate in their tariff schedules. However, among those that do, contrary to the expectations of the pink tax literature states overall employ higher tariffs on men's clothes than women's, though there is some evidence that this is reversing over time and the result is heavily driven by a few outlier countries. The conclusion sets out some routes to tackling this discrimination if moves to mainstream gender into trade policy are to amount to more than rhetoric.

AB - There is increasing recognition of women suffering a ‘pink tax’, paying higher prices for (near) identical products than those marketed to men. One potential cause of this is governments charging different import tariffs on men's and women's clothing, facilitated by the fact that the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (HS) splits all apparel by gender. This article examines four questions: why are the HS codes disaggregated by gender in this one sector; to what extent do countries charge different tariffs on men's and women's clothing; where they do, who is being discriminated against; and how is the level and direction of discrimination changing over time? The analysis finds that around three quarters of countries do not discriminate in their tariff schedules. However, among those that do, contrary to the expectations of the pink tax literature states overall employ higher tariffs on men's clothes than women's, though there is some evidence that this is reversing over time and the result is heavily driven by a few outlier countries. The conclusion sets out some routes to tackling this discrimination if moves to mainstream gender into trade policy are to amount to more than rhetoric.

KW - gender discrimination

KW - HS system

KW - pink tax

KW - tariffs

KW - World Customs Organization

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105013766632

U2 - 10.1111/1758-5899.70070

DO - 10.1111/1758-5899.70070

M3 - Article

SN - 1758-5899

VL - 16

SP - 1063

EP - 1074

JO - Global Policy

JF - Global Policy

IS - 5

ER -