Hallmarks of primary headache: part 1 – migraine

Alberto Raggi; Matilde Leonardi; Marco Arruda; Valeria Caponnetto; Matteo Castaldo; Gianluca Coppola; Adriana Della Pietra; Xiangning Fan; David Garcia-Azorin; Parisa Gazerani; Lou Grangeon; Licia Grazzi; Fu-Jung Hsiao; Keiko Ihara; Alejandro Labastida-Ramirez; Kristin Sophie Lange; Marco Lisicki; Alessia Marcassoli; Danilo Antonio Montisano; Dilara Onan; Agnese Onofri; Lanfranco Pellesi; Mario Peres; Igor Petrušić; Bianca Raffaelli; Eloisa Rubio-Beltran; Andreas Straube; Sebastian Straube; Tsubasa Takizawa; Claudio Tana; Michela Tinelli; Massimiliano Valeriani; Simone Vigneri; Doga Vuralli; Marta Waliszewska-Prosół; Wei Wang; Yonggang Wang; William Wells-Gatnik; Tissa Wijeratne; Paolo Martelletti

doi:10.1186/s10194-024-01889-x

Hallmarks of primary headache: part 1 – migraine

Alberto Raggi^*, Matilde Leonardi, Marco Arruda, Valeria Caponnetto, Matteo Castaldo, Gianluca Coppola, Adriana Della Pietra, Xiangning Fan, David Garcia-Azorin, Parisa Gazerani, Lou Grangeon, Licia Grazzi, Fu-Jung Hsiao, Keiko Ihara, Alejandro Labastida-Ramirez, Kristin Sophie Lange, Marco Lisicki, Alessia Marcassoli, Danilo Antonio Montisano, Dilara OnanAgnese Onofri, Lanfranco Pellesi, Mario Peres, Igor Petrušić, Bianca Raffaelli, Eloisa Rubio-Beltran, Andreas Straube, Sebastian Straube, Tsubasa Takizawa, Claudio Tana, Michela Tinelli, Massimiliano Valeriani, Simone Vigneri, Doga Vuralli, Marta Waliszewska-Prosół, Wei Wang, Yonggang Wang, William Wells-Gatnik, Tissa Wijeratne, Paolo Martelletti

^*Corresponding author for this work

Wolfson SPaRC

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

1 Citation (Scopus)

Abstract

Background and aim: Migraine is a common disabling conditions which, globally, affects 15.2% of the population. It is the second cause of health loss in terms of years lived with disability, the first among women. Despite being so common, it is poorly recognised and too often undertreated. Specialty centres and neurologists with specific expertise on headache disorders have the knowledge to provide specific care: however, those who do not regularly treat patients with migraine will benefit from a synopsis on the most relevant and updated information about this condition. This paper presents a comprehensive view on the hallmarks of migraine, from genetics and diagnostic markers, up to treatments and societal impact, and reports the elements that identify migraine specific features. Main results: The most relevant hallmark of migraine is that it has common and individual features together. Besides the known clinical manifestations, migraine presentation is heterogeneous with regard to frequency of attacks, presence of aura, response to therapy, associated comorbidities or other symptoms, which likely reflect migraine heterogeneous genetic and molecular basis. The amount of therapies for acute and for prophylactic treatment is really wide, and one of the difficulties is with finding the best treatment for the single patient. In addition to this, patients carry out different daily life activities, and might show lifestyle habits which are not entirely adequate to manage migraine day by day. Education will be more and more important as a strategy of brain health promotion, because this will enable reducing the amount of subjects needing specialty care, thus leaving it to those who require it in reason of refractory condition or presence of comorbidities. Conclusions: Recognizing the hallmarks of migraine and the features of single patients enables prescribing specific pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. Medical research on headaches today particularly suffers from the syndrome of single-disease approach, but it is important to have a cross-sectional and joint vision with other close specialties, in order to treat our patients with a comprehensive approach that a heterogeneous condition like migraine requires.

Original language	English
Article number	189
Journal	The journal of headache and pain
Volume	25
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-024-01889-x
Publication status	Published - 31 Oct 2024

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Raggi, A., Leonardi, M., Arruda, M., Caponnetto, V., Castaldo, M., Coppola, G., Della Pietra, A., Fan, X., Garcia-Azorin, D., Gazerani, P., Grangeon, L., Grazzi, L., Hsiao, F.-J., Ihara, K., Labastida-Ramirez, A., Lange, K. S., Lisicki, M., Marcassoli, A., Montisano, D. A., ... Martelletti, P. (2024). Hallmarks of primary headache: part 1 – migraine. The journal of headache and pain, 25(1), Article 189. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-024-01889-x

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title = "Hallmarks of primary headache: part 1 – migraine",

abstract = "Background and aim: Migraine is a common disabling conditions which, globally, affects 15.2% of the population. It is the second cause of health loss in terms of years lived with disability, the first among women. Despite being so common, it is poorly recognised and too often undertreated. Specialty centres and neurologists with specific expertise on headache disorders have the knowledge to provide specific care: however, those who do not regularly treat patients with migraine will benefit from a synopsis on the most relevant and updated information about this condition. This paper presents a comprehensive view on the hallmarks of migraine, from genetics and diagnostic markers, up to treatments and societal impact, and reports the elements that identify migraine specific features. Main results: The most relevant hallmark of migraine is that it has common and individual features together. Besides the known clinical manifestations, migraine presentation is heterogeneous with regard to frequency of attacks, presence of aura, response to therapy, associated comorbidities or other symptoms, which likely reflect migraine heterogeneous genetic and molecular basis. The amount of therapies for acute and for prophylactic treatment is really wide, and one of the difficulties is with finding the best treatment for the single patient. In addition to this, patients carry out different daily life activities, and might show lifestyle habits which are not entirely adequate to manage migraine day by day. Education will be more and more important as a strategy of brain health promotion, because this will enable reducing the amount of subjects needing specialty care, thus leaving it to those who require it in reason of refractory condition or presence of comorbidities. Conclusions: Recognizing the hallmarks of migraine and the features of single patients enables prescribing specific pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. Medical research on headaches today particularly suffers from the syndrome of single-disease approach, but it is important to have a cross-sectional and joint vision with other close specialties, in order to treat our patients with a comprehensive approach that a heterogeneous condition like migraine requires.",

author = "Alberto Raggi and Matilde Leonardi and Marco Arruda and Valeria Caponnetto and Matteo Castaldo and Gianluca Coppola and {Della Pietra}, Adriana and Xiangning Fan and David Garcia-Azorin and Parisa Gazerani and Lou Grangeon and Licia Grazzi and Fu-Jung Hsiao and Keiko Ihara and Alejandro Labastida-Ramirez and Lange, {Kristin Sophie} and Marco Lisicki and Alessia Marcassoli and Montisano, {Danilo Antonio} and Dilara Onan and Agnese Onofri and Lanfranco Pellesi and Mario Peres and Igor Petru{\v s}i{\'c} and Bianca Raffaelli and Eloisa Rubio-Beltran and Andreas Straube and Sebastian Straube and Tsubasa Takizawa and Claudio Tana and Michela Tinelli and Massimiliano Valeriani and Simone Vigneri and Doga Vuralli and Marta Waliszewska-Pros{\'o}{\l} and Wei Wang and Yonggang Wang and William Wells-Gatnik and Tissa Wijeratne and Paolo Martelletti",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2024.",

year = "2024",

month = oct,

day = "31",

doi = "10.1186/s10194-024-01889-x",

language = "English",

volume = "25",

journal = "The journal of headache and pain",

issn = "1129-2377",

publisher = "BioMed Central",

number = "1",

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Raggi, A, Leonardi, M, Arruda, M, Caponnetto, V, Castaldo, M, Coppola, G, Della Pietra, A, Fan, X, Garcia-Azorin, D, Gazerani, P, Grangeon, L, Grazzi, L, Hsiao, F-J, Ihara, K, Labastida-Ramirez, A, Lange, KS, Lisicki, M, Marcassoli, A, Montisano, DA, Onan, D, Onofri, A, Pellesi, L, Peres, M, Petrušić, I, Raffaelli, B, Rubio-Beltran, E, Straube, A, Straube, S, Takizawa, T, Tana, C, Tinelli, M, Valeriani, M, Vigneri, S, Vuralli, D, Waliszewska-Prosół, M, Wang, W, Wang, Y, Wells-Gatnik, W, Wijeratne, T & Martelletti, P 2024, 'Hallmarks of primary headache: part 1 – migraine', The journal of headache and pain, vol. 25, no. 1, 189. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-024-01889-x

TY - JOUR

T1 - Hallmarks of primary headache: part 1 – migraine

AU - Raggi, Alberto

AU - Leonardi, Matilde

AU - Arruda, Marco

AU - Caponnetto, Valeria

AU - Castaldo, Matteo

AU - Coppola, Gianluca

AU - Della Pietra, Adriana

AU - Fan, Xiangning

AU - Garcia-Azorin, David

AU - Gazerani, Parisa

AU - Grangeon, Lou

AU - Grazzi, Licia

AU - Hsiao, Fu-Jung

AU - Ihara, Keiko

AU - Labastida-Ramirez, Alejandro

AU - Lange, Kristin Sophie

AU - Lisicki, Marco

AU - Marcassoli, Alessia

AU - Montisano, Danilo Antonio

AU - Onan, Dilara

AU - Onofri, Agnese

AU - Pellesi, Lanfranco

AU - Peres, Mario

AU - Petrušić, Igor

AU - Raffaelli, Bianca

AU - Rubio-Beltran, Eloisa

AU - Straube, Andreas

AU - Straube, Sebastian

AU - Takizawa, Tsubasa

AU - Tana, Claudio

AU - Tinelli, Michela

AU - Valeriani, Massimiliano

AU - Vigneri, Simone

AU - Vuralli, Doga

AU - Waliszewska-Prosół, Marta

AU - Wang, Wei

AU - Wang, Yonggang

AU - Wells-Gatnik, William

AU - Wijeratne, Tissa

AU - Martelletti, Paolo

PY - 2024/10/31

Y1 - 2024/10/31

N2 - Background and aim: Migraine is a common disabling conditions which, globally, affects 15.2% of the population. It is the second cause of health loss in terms of years lived with disability, the first among women. Despite being so common, it is poorly recognised and too often undertreated. Specialty centres and neurologists with specific expertise on headache disorders have the knowledge to provide specific care: however, those who do not regularly treat patients with migraine will benefit from a synopsis on the most relevant and updated information about this condition. This paper presents a comprehensive view on the hallmarks of migraine, from genetics and diagnostic markers, up to treatments and societal impact, and reports the elements that identify migraine specific features. Main results: The most relevant hallmark of migraine is that it has common and individual features together. Besides the known clinical manifestations, migraine presentation is heterogeneous with regard to frequency of attacks, presence of aura, response to therapy, associated comorbidities or other symptoms, which likely reflect migraine heterogeneous genetic and molecular basis. The amount of therapies for acute and for prophylactic treatment is really wide, and one of the difficulties is with finding the best treatment for the single patient. In addition to this, patients carry out different daily life activities, and might show lifestyle habits which are not entirely adequate to manage migraine day by day. Education will be more and more important as a strategy of brain health promotion, because this will enable reducing the amount of subjects needing specialty care, thus leaving it to those who require it in reason of refractory condition or presence of comorbidities. Conclusions: Recognizing the hallmarks of migraine and the features of single patients enables prescribing specific pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. Medical research on headaches today particularly suffers from the syndrome of single-disease approach, but it is important to have a cross-sectional and joint vision with other close specialties, in order to treat our patients with a comprehensive approach that a heterogeneous condition like migraine requires.

AB - Background and aim: Migraine is a common disabling conditions which, globally, affects 15.2% of the population. It is the second cause of health loss in terms of years lived with disability, the first among women. Despite being so common, it is poorly recognised and too often undertreated. Specialty centres and neurologists with specific expertise on headache disorders have the knowledge to provide specific care: however, those who do not regularly treat patients with migraine will benefit from a synopsis on the most relevant and updated information about this condition. This paper presents a comprehensive view on the hallmarks of migraine, from genetics and diagnostic markers, up to treatments and societal impact, and reports the elements that identify migraine specific features. Main results: The most relevant hallmark of migraine is that it has common and individual features together. Besides the known clinical manifestations, migraine presentation is heterogeneous with regard to frequency of attacks, presence of aura, response to therapy, associated comorbidities or other symptoms, which likely reflect migraine heterogeneous genetic and molecular basis. The amount of therapies for acute and for prophylactic treatment is really wide, and one of the difficulties is with finding the best treatment for the single patient. In addition to this, patients carry out different daily life activities, and might show lifestyle habits which are not entirely adequate to manage migraine day by day. Education will be more and more important as a strategy of brain health promotion, because this will enable reducing the amount of subjects needing specialty care, thus leaving it to those who require it in reason of refractory condition or presence of comorbidities. Conclusions: Recognizing the hallmarks of migraine and the features of single patients enables prescribing specific pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. Medical research on headaches today particularly suffers from the syndrome of single-disease approach, but it is important to have a cross-sectional and joint vision with other close specialties, in order to treat our patients with a comprehensive approach that a heterogeneous condition like migraine requires.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85208290778&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1186/s10194-024-01889-x

DO - 10.1186/s10194-024-01889-x

M3 - Article

SN - 1129-2377

VL - 25

JO - The journal of headache and pain

JF - The journal of headache and pain

IS - 1

M1 - 189

ER -

Hallmarks of primary headache: part 1 – migraine

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