TY - JOUR
T1 - How does variation in lower anterior face height influence perceived attractiveness? Aquantitative investigation
AU - Naini, Farhad B.
AU - Donaldson, Ana Nora A
AU - McDonald, Fraser
AU - Cobourne, Martyn T.
PY - 2013/9
Y1 - 2013/9
N2 - Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to undertake an objective and quantitative evaluation of how severity of lower anterior face height (LAFH) variations influences perceived attractiveness. Design: Cross-sectional study Setting: St George's Hospital, London, UK Participants and methods: The LAFH of an idealized male and female frontal facial image were altered in 2.5 mm increments from 220 to 20 mm (male images) and from 210 to 20 mm (female images), in order to represent reduction and increase in height of this region. These images were rated by a pre-selected group of pre-treatment orthognathic patients (n575), clinicians (n535) and laypersons (n575). Outcome measures: Ratings on a seven-point Likert scale. Results: With an increase in LAFH, desire for surgery became significant at 15-16 mm for male faces and 13-14 mm for female faces. With a reduction in LAFH, desire for surgery became significant at 214 to 217 mm for male faces; a smaller reduction of 26 to 28 mm led to a significant desire for surgery for female faces. Conclusions: The classical vertical facial trisection canon of upper face height as one-third (33.3%), midface height as one-third (33.3%) and LAFH as one-third (33.3%) of total anterior face height may be used as an 'ideal' proportional ratio. Mild LAFH variations were largely acceptable. In terms of the percentage LAFH to total anterior face height (TAFH) and anterior face height (AFH), observers did not desire surgery for LAFH variations of 25-42% of TAFH (40-66% of AFH) for male faces, and 28-42% of TAFH (45-66% of AFH) for female faces.
AB - Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to undertake an objective and quantitative evaluation of how severity of lower anterior face height (LAFH) variations influences perceived attractiveness. Design: Cross-sectional study Setting: St George's Hospital, London, UK Participants and methods: The LAFH of an idealized male and female frontal facial image were altered in 2.5 mm increments from 220 to 20 mm (male images) and from 210 to 20 mm (female images), in order to represent reduction and increase in height of this region. These images were rated by a pre-selected group of pre-treatment orthognathic patients (n575), clinicians (n535) and laypersons (n575). Outcome measures: Ratings on a seven-point Likert scale. Results: With an increase in LAFH, desire for surgery became significant at 15-16 mm for male faces and 13-14 mm for female faces. With a reduction in LAFH, desire for surgery became significant at 214 to 217 mm for male faces; a smaller reduction of 26 to 28 mm led to a significant desire for surgery for female faces. Conclusions: The classical vertical facial trisection canon of upper face height as one-third (33.3%), midface height as one-third (33.3%) and LAFH as one-third (33.3%) of total anterior face height may be used as an 'ideal' proportional ratio. Mild LAFH variations were largely acceptable. In terms of the percentage LAFH to total anterior face height (TAFH) and anterior face height (AFH), observers did not desire surgery for LAFH variations of 25-42% of TAFH (40-66% of AFH) for male faces, and 28-42% of TAFH (45-66% of AFH) for female faces.
KW - Attractiveness
KW - Face height
KW - Orthognathic surgery
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84888222156&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1179/1465313313Y.0000000051
DO - 10.1179/1465313313Y.0000000051
M3 - Article
C2 - 24009320
AN - SCOPUS:84888222156
SN - 1465-3125
VL - 40
SP - 206
EP - 217
JO - Journal of Orthodontics
JF - Journal of Orthodontics
IS - 3
ER -