How widespread is stable protein S-nitrosylation as an end-effector of protein regulation?

TY - JOUR

T1 - How widespread is stable protein S-nitrosylation as an end-effector of protein regulation?

AU - Wolhuter, Kathryn

AU - Eaton, Philip

PY - 2017/2/8

Y1 - 2017/2/8

N2 - Abstract Over the last 25 years protein S-nitrosylation, also known more correctly as S-nitrosation, has been progressively implicated in virtually every nitric oxide-regulated process within the cardiovascular system. The current, widely-held paradigm is that S-nitrosylation plays an equivalent role as phosphorylation, providing a stable and controllable post-translational modification that directly regulates end-effector target proteins to elicit biological responses. However, this concept largely ignores the intrinsic instability of the nitrosothiol bond, which rapidly reacts with typically abundant thiol-containing molecules to generate more stable disulfide bonds. These protein disulfides, formed via a nitrosothiol intermediate redox state, are rationally anticipated to be the predominant end-effector modification that mediates functional alterations when cells encounter nitrosative stimuli. In this review we present evidence and explain our reasoning for arriving at this conclusion that may be controversial to some researchers in the field.

AB - Abstract Over the last 25 years protein S-nitrosylation, also known more correctly as S-nitrosation, has been progressively implicated in virtually every nitric oxide-regulated process within the cardiovascular system. The current, widely-held paradigm is that S-nitrosylation plays an equivalent role as phosphorylation, providing a stable and controllable post-translational modification that directly regulates end-effector target proteins to elicit biological responses. However, this concept largely ignores the intrinsic instability of the nitrosothiol bond, which rapidly reacts with typically abundant thiol-containing molecules to generate more stable disulfide bonds. These protein disulfides, formed via a nitrosothiol intermediate redox state, are rationally anticipated to be the predominant end-effector modification that mediates functional alterations when cells encounter nitrosative stimuli. In this review we present evidence and explain our reasoning for arriving at this conclusion that may be controversial to some researchers in the field.

KW - S-nitrosylation

KW - S-nitrosation

KW - thiol

KW - nitric oxide

KW - cysteine

KW - redox

U2 - 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.02.013

DO - 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.02.013

M3 - Article

SN - 0891-5849

JO - Free Radical Biology and Medicine

JF - Free Radical Biology and Medicine

ER -