Abstract

(4S)-4-(3-[18F]Fluoropropyl)-L-glutamic acid ([18F]FSPG) is a flourine-18 labeled glutamate analog that enables the noninvasive in vivo imaging of cellular redox status. [18F]FSPG is transported across the cell membrane by the cystine/glutamate antiporter, system xc-, whose expression is upregulated in multiple cancer types. The requirement of cystine for the biosynthesis of glutathione, a major antioxidant, connects [18F]FSPG tissue retention to the intracellular redox response via system xc- activity. We herein describe the use of [18F]FSPG positron emission tomography (PET) to image the tumor antioxidant response and highlight key methodological considerations.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)233-249
Number of pages17
JournalMethods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)
Volume2729
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 27 Nov 2023

Keywords

  • Humans
  • Antioxidants
  • Cystine
  • Positron-Emission Tomography/methods
  • Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
  • Glutamic Acid

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