@inbook{f05e3b64762c455a8f425501468126ce,
title = "In Vitro Models of CNS Barriers",
abstract = "In vitro models of the blood-brain barrier provide valuable mechanistic information and useful assay systems for drug discovery and delivery. However, it is important to take into account issues including species differences and to what extent features of the in vivo BBB are retained in cell culture. The history and applications of a primary cells, immortalized cell lines, and stem cell-derived BBB models are reviewed, with evaluation of their strengths and weaknesses, in selecting and optimizing a suitable model for particular applications. Understanding of the unstirred water layers gives insights into the “intrinsic permeability” of the membrane, and proteomic and transcriptomic studies have expanded the characterization of the barrier function. Technologies to derive brain endothelium from human stem cells create 3D models of the neurovascular unit, and miniaturize “organ-on-a-chip” flow systems give great promise for the future. All these technologies are crucial to translate BBB research to viable treatment options for patients.",
keywords = "Blood-brain barrier, In vitro models, Endothelia, Astrocyte, Pericyte, TEER, Primary cells, bEND.3, hCMEC/D3, iPSC, IVIVC",
author = "Abbott, {N Joan} and Yusof, {Siti R.} and Andreas Reichel and Dolman, {Diana E M} and Preston, {Jane E}",
note = "Funding Information: We are grateful for discussions and comments from many colleagues especially Prof. Maria Deli, Dr. Alex Avdeef, and Prof. Margareta Hammarlund-Udenaes and for redrawing of Fig. 8.1 by Dr. Robert Thorne and for Fig. 8.4 from Dr. Anika Hartz and Dr. Bjoern Bauer. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists.",
year = "2022",
month = may,
day = "25",
doi = "10.1007/978-3-030-88773-5_8",
language = "English",
isbn = "978-3-030-88772-8",
volume = "33",
series = "AAPS Advances in the Pharmaceutical Sciences Series",
publisher = "Springer, Cham",
pages = "211–254",
editor = "Elizabeth, {de Lange} and Hammarlund-Udenaes, { Margareta} and Thorne, {Robert }",
booktitle = "AAPS Advances in the Pharmaceutical Sciences Series",
edition = "2",
}