@article{567260ba1b3447758c674719c875d7bc,
title = "Infant sleep predicts trajectories of social attention and later autism traits",
abstract = "Background: Children with neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often experience sleep disturbances, but little is known about when these sleep differences emerge and how they relate to later development. Methods: We used a prospective longitudinal design in infants with a family history of ASD and/or ADHD to examine infant sleep and its relation to trajectories of attention and later neurodevelopmental disorders. We formed factors of Day and Night Sleep from parent-reported measures (including day/night sleep duration, number of naps in the day, frequency of night awakenings and sleep onset problems). We examined sleep in 164 infants at 5-, 10- and 14-months with/without a first-degree relative with ASD and/or ADHD who underwent a consensus clinical assessment for ASD at age 3. Results: By 14-months, infants with a first-degree relative with ASD (but not ADHD) showed lower Night Sleep scores than infants with no family history of ASD; lower Night Sleep scores in infancy were also associated with a later ASD diagnosis, decreased cognitive ability, increased ASD symptomatology at 3-years, and developing social attention (e.g., looking to faces). We found no such effects with Day Sleep. Conclusions: Sleep disturbances may be apparent at night from 14-months in infants with a family history of ASD and also those with later ASD, but were not associated with a family history of ADHD. Infant sleep disturbances were also linked to later dimensional variation in cognitive and social skills across the cohort. Night Sleep and Social Attention were interrelated over the first 2 years of life, suggesting that this may be one mechanism through which sleep quality influences neurodevelopment. Interventions targeted towards supporting families with their infant's sleep problems may be useful in this population.",
keywords = "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, eye tracking, infancy, sleep, social attention",
author = "{The STAARS Team} and Jannath Begum-Ali and Goss{\'e}, {Louisa K.} and Luke Mason and Greg Pasco and Tony Charman and Johnson, {Mark H.} and Jones, {Emily J.H.} and Mary Agyapong and Tessel Bazelmans and Leila Dafner and Mutluhan Ersoy and Teodora Gliga and Amy Goodwin and Rianne Haartsen and Hanna Halkola and Alexandra Hendry and Rebecca Holman and Sarah Kalwarowsky and Anna Kolesnik and Sarah Lloyd-Fox and Nisha Narvekar and Laura Pirazzoli and Chlo{\"e} Taylor",
note = "Funding Information: This research was supported by awards from the Medical Research Council (MR/K021389/1; M.H.J., T.C.), MQ (MQ14PP_83, M.H.J., E.J.H.J., T.C.). Further, this work was also supported by the EU‐AIMS and AIMS‐2‐TRIALS programmes funded by the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) Joint Undertaking Grant Nos. 115300 (M.H.J., T.C.) and No. 777394 (M.H.J., E.J.H.J.and T.C.; European Union's FP7 and Horizon 2020, respectively). This Joint Undertaking receives support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, with in‐kind contributions from the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA) companies and funding from Autism Speaks, Autistica and SFARI. Funding Information: This research was supported by awards from the Medical Research Council (MR/K021389/1; M.H.J., T.C.), MQ (MQ14PP_83, M.H.J., E.J.H.J., T.C.). Further, this work was also supported by the EU-AIMS and AIMS-2-TRIALS programmes funded by the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) Joint Undertaking Grant Nos. 115300 (M.H.J., T.C.) and No. 777394 (M.H.J., E.J.H.J.and T.C.; European Union's FP7 and Horizon 2020, respectively). This Joint Undertaking receives support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, with in-kind contributions from the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA) companies and funding from Autism Speaks, Autistica and SFARI. The authors would like to thank the researchers who helped with data collection and recruitment; Kim Davies, Janice Fernandes and Natalie Vaz. The authors would also like to thank the placement students who helped in data collection and entry; Francesca Conti, Meg Jackson and Zo{\"e} Freeman. Finally, they would like to warmly thank all the parents and infants that took part in this study. The STAARS team consists of: Mary Agyapong, Tessel Bazelmans, Leila Dafner, Mutluhan Ersoy, Teodora Gliga, Amy Goodwin, Rianne Haartsen, Hanna Halkola, Alexandra Hendry, Rebecca Holman, Sarah Kalwarowsky, Anna Kolesnik, Sarah Lloyd-Fox, Nisha Narvekar, Laura Pirazzoli and Chlo{\"e} Taylor. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results. Any views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the funders. L.G. has served as a paid consultant to Procter & Gamble Research and Development. T.C. has served as a paid consultant to F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd and Servier. He has received royalties from Sage Publications and Guildford Publications. The remaining authors have declared that they have no competing or potential conflicts of interest. Key points Sleep problems are common in neurodevelopmental disorders such as ASD and/or ADHD. We wanted to examine whether sleep problems are present in early development, before diagnoses. Infants with a family history of ASD demonstrate reduced night sleep scores. By 14 months, night sleep was associated with later cognitive abilities, social adaptive functioning and ASD traits at 3 years. Effects were not shared with infants with a family history of ADHD or later ADHD traits. Sleep was related to the efficiency of social visual attention across development, identifying potential mechanisms underpinning links to later traits. Interventions targeted at infant sleep may be effective in this population. Sleep problems are common in neurodevelopmental disorders such as ASD and/or ADHD. We wanted to examine whether sleep problems are present in early development, before diagnoses. Infants with a family history of ASD demonstrate reduced night sleep scores. By 14 months, night sleep was associated with later cognitive abilities, social adaptive functioning and ASD traits at 3 years. Effects were not shared with infants with a family history of ADHD or later ADHD traits. Sleep was related to the efficiency of social visual attention across development, identifying potential mechanisms underpinning links to later traits. Interventions targeted at infant sleep may be effective in this population. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Authors. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health.",
year = "2023",
month = aug,
doi = "10.1111/jcpp.13791",
language = "English",
volume = "64",
pages = "1200--1211",
journal = "Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines",
issn = "0021-9630",
number = "8",
}
