Influence of X chromosome and hormones on human brain development: A magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of Turner syndrome

TY - JOUR

T1 - Influence of X chromosome and hormones on human brain development: A magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of Turner syndrome

AU - Cutter, W J

AU - Daly, E M

AU - Robertson, D M W

AU - Chitnis, X A

AU - van Amelsvoort, T A M J

AU - Simmons, A

AU - Ng, V W K

AU - Williams, B S

AU - Shaw, P

AU - Conway, G S

AU - Skuse, D H

AU - Collier, D A

AU - Craig, M

AU - Murphy, D G M

PY - 2006/2/1

Y1 - 2006/2/1

N2 - Background: Women with Turner syndrome (TS; 45,X) lack a normal second X chromosome, and many are prescibed exogenous sex and growth hormones (GH). Hence, the allow its an opportunity to investigate genetic and endocrine influences on brain development. Methods: We examined brain anatomy and metabolism in 27 adult monosomic TS women and 21 control subjects with volumetric magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results: In TS women, regional gray matter volume was significantly smaller in parieto-occipital cortex and caudate nucleus and larger in cerebellar hemispheres. White matter was reduced in the cerebellar hemispheres, parieto-occipital regions, and splenium of the corpus callosum but was increased in the temporal and orbitofrontal lobes and genui of corpus callosum. Women with TS bad a significantly lower parietal lobe concentration of N-acetyl aspartate, and higher hippocampal choline. Also, among women with TS, there were significant differences in regional gray matter volumes and/or neuronal integrity, depending upon. parental origin of X chromosome and oxandrolone and GH use. Conclusions. X chromosome monosomy, imprinting and neuroendocrine milieu modulate human brain development-perhaps in a regionally specific manner

AB - Background: Women with Turner syndrome (TS; 45,X) lack a normal second X chromosome, and many are prescibed exogenous sex and growth hormones (GH). Hence, the allow its an opportunity to investigate genetic and endocrine influences on brain development. Methods: We examined brain anatomy and metabolism in 27 adult monosomic TS women and 21 control subjects with volumetric magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results: In TS women, regional gray matter volume was significantly smaller in parieto-occipital cortex and caudate nucleus and larger in cerebellar hemispheres. White matter was reduced in the cerebellar hemispheres, parieto-occipital regions, and splenium of the corpus callosum but was increased in the temporal and orbitofrontal lobes and genui of corpus callosum. Women with TS bad a significantly lower parietal lobe concentration of N-acetyl aspartate, and higher hippocampal choline. Also, among women with TS, there were significant differences in regional gray matter volumes and/or neuronal integrity, depending upon. parental origin of X chromosome and oxandrolone and GH use. Conclusions. X chromosome monosomy, imprinting and neuroendocrine milieu modulate human brain development-perhaps in a regionally specific manner

U2 - 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.06.026

DO - 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.06.026

M3 - Article

SN - 1873-2402

VL - 59

SP - 273

EP - 283

JO - Biological psychiatry

JF - Biological psychiatry

IS - 3

ER -