TY - JOUR
T1 - Innate lymphoid cells
T2 - The missing part of a puzzle in food allergy
AU - Sahiner, Umit M.
AU - Layhadi, Janice A.
AU - Golebski, Korneliusz
AU - István Komlósi, Zsolt
AU - Peng, Yaqi
AU - Sekerel, Bulent
AU - Durham, Stephen R.
AU - Brough, Helen
AU - Morita, Hideaki
AU - Akdis, Mübeccel
AU - Turner, Paul
AU - Nadeau, Kari
AU - Spits, Hergen
AU - Akdis, Cezmi
AU - Shamji, Mohamed H.
N1 - Funding Information:
We would like to thank Anna G?obi?ska for generating the graphical figures.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors. Allergy published by European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
PY - 2021/7
Y1 - 2021/7
N2 - Food allergy is an increasingly prevalent disease driven by uncontrolled type 2 immune response. Currently, knowledge about the underlying mechanisms that initiate and promote the immune response to dietary allergens is limited. Patients with food allergy are commonly sensitized through the skin in their early life, later on developing allergy symptoms within the gastrointestinal tract. Food allergy results from a dysregulated type 2 response to food allergens, characterized by enhanced levels of IgE, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 with infiltration of mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils. Recent studies raised a possible role for the involvement of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in driving food allergy. Unlike lymphocytes, ILCs lack They represent a group of lymphocytes that lack specific antigen receptors. ILCs contribute to immune responses not only by releasing cytokines and other mediators but also by responding to cytokines produced by activated cells in their local microenvironment. Due to their localization at barrier surfaces of the airways, gut, and skin, ILCs form a link between the innate and adaptive immunity. This review summarizes recent evidence on how skin and gastrointestinal mucosal immune system contribute to both homeostasis and the development of food allergy, as well as the involvement of ILCs toward inflammatory processes and regulatory mechanisms.
AB - Food allergy is an increasingly prevalent disease driven by uncontrolled type 2 immune response. Currently, knowledge about the underlying mechanisms that initiate and promote the immune response to dietary allergens is limited. Patients with food allergy are commonly sensitized through the skin in their early life, later on developing allergy symptoms within the gastrointestinal tract. Food allergy results from a dysregulated type 2 response to food allergens, characterized by enhanced levels of IgE, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 with infiltration of mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils. Recent studies raised a possible role for the involvement of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in driving food allergy. Unlike lymphocytes, ILCs lack They represent a group of lymphocytes that lack specific antigen receptors. ILCs contribute to immune responses not only by releasing cytokines and other mediators but also by responding to cytokines produced by activated cells in their local microenvironment. Due to their localization at barrier surfaces of the airways, gut, and skin, ILCs form a link between the innate and adaptive immunity. This review summarizes recent evidence on how skin and gastrointestinal mucosal immune system contribute to both homeostasis and the development of food allergy, as well as the involvement of ILCs toward inflammatory processes and regulatory mechanisms.
KW - food allergy
KW - immune tolerance
KW - innate immunity
KW - innate lymphoid cell
KW - skin
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85102496705&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/all.14776
DO - 10.1111/all.14776
M3 - Article
C2 - 33583026
AN - SCOPUS:85102496705
SN - 0105-4538
VL - 76
SP - 2002
EP - 2016
JO - Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
JF - Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
IS - 7
ER -