TY - JOUR
T1 - Intermittent energy restriction is comparable to continuous energy restriction for cardiometabolic health in adults with central obesity
T2 - a randomized controlled trial; The Met-IER Study
AU - Pinto, Ana M
AU - Bordoli, Claire
AU - Buckner, Luke
AU - Kim, Curie
AU - Kaplan, Polly
AU - Del Arenal, Ines
AU - Jeffcock, Emma
AU - Hall, Wendy L
PY - 2019/7/30
Y1 - 2019/7/30
N2 - Background & aims: Short bouts of severe energy restriction may have additional, beneficial cardiometabolic effects beyond that of weight loss. We aimed to assess the short-term effects of intermittent fasting on insulin sensitivity and related cardiometabolic mechanisms.
Methods: This parallel arm, randomized controlled trial compared the short-term effects of intermittent and continuous energy restriction (IER and CER) diets on markers of cardiometabolic health in individuals with central obesity, aiming for equivalent weight loss on both diets. Outcomes were assessed in non-smoking men and women (35–75 y), following 4-wk IER (48 h 600 kcal/d followed by 5-day healthy eating advice) or CER diets (-500 kcal/d healthy eating advice). The primary outcome was the revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (R-QUICKI), an indirect estimate of insulin sensitivity. Secondary outcomes included ambulatory blood pressure (ABP), indicators of sympathetic activity (heart rate variability (HRV) and normetanephrine), and markers of glucose homeostasis/insulin resistance, adiposity, lipids and inflammation.
Results: Forty-three participants completed the study. Reductions in body weight were equivalent in both groups: mean loss (%) -2.6; 95% CI -3.3, -1.9 and -2.9; -3.6, -2.1 for CER and IER, respectively, P = 0.464). R-QUICKI increased following IER and CER, with no between-diet differences (overall mean increase (%) 6.6; 3.6, 9.6). Fasting plasma glucose concentrations decreased after CER but not after IER (mean difference CER - IER - 4.8% (0.7, 8.9), P<0.05) and fasting plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations were lower after IER compared to CER (mean difference CER - IER 0.15 mmol/L (0.06, 0.24), P<0.005). There were no differences in lipids, adipokine/inflammatory markers, ABP or HRV between diets.
Conclusions: Short-term CER or IER diets are comparable in their effects on most markers of cardiometabolic risk, although adaptive changes in glucose and fatty acid metabolism occur. This study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02679989.
AB - Background & aims: Short bouts of severe energy restriction may have additional, beneficial cardiometabolic effects beyond that of weight loss. We aimed to assess the short-term effects of intermittent fasting on insulin sensitivity and related cardiometabolic mechanisms.
Methods: This parallel arm, randomized controlled trial compared the short-term effects of intermittent and continuous energy restriction (IER and CER) diets on markers of cardiometabolic health in individuals with central obesity, aiming for equivalent weight loss on both diets. Outcomes were assessed in non-smoking men and women (35–75 y), following 4-wk IER (48 h 600 kcal/d followed by 5-day healthy eating advice) or CER diets (-500 kcal/d healthy eating advice). The primary outcome was the revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (R-QUICKI), an indirect estimate of insulin sensitivity. Secondary outcomes included ambulatory blood pressure (ABP), indicators of sympathetic activity (heart rate variability (HRV) and normetanephrine), and markers of glucose homeostasis/insulin resistance, adiposity, lipids and inflammation.
Results: Forty-three participants completed the study. Reductions in body weight were equivalent in both groups: mean loss (%) -2.6; 95% CI -3.3, -1.9 and -2.9; -3.6, -2.1 for CER and IER, respectively, P = 0.464). R-QUICKI increased following IER and CER, with no between-diet differences (overall mean increase (%) 6.6; 3.6, 9.6). Fasting plasma glucose concentrations decreased after CER but not after IER (mean difference CER - IER - 4.8% (0.7, 8.9), P<0.05) and fasting plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations were lower after IER compared to CER (mean difference CER - IER 0.15 mmol/L (0.06, 0.24), P<0.005). There were no differences in lipids, adipokine/inflammatory markers, ABP or HRV between diets.
Conclusions: Short-term CER or IER diets are comparable in their effects on most markers of cardiometabolic risk, although adaptive changes in glucose and fatty acid metabolism occur. This study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02679989.
KW - Intermittent energy restriction
KW - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW - Central obesity
KW - Insulin sensitivity
KW - Heart rate variability
KW - Cardiometabolic risk
U2 - /10.1016/j.clnu.2019.07.014
DO - /10.1016/j.clnu.2019.07.014
M3 - Article
SN - 0261-5614
SP - P1753-1763
JO - CLINICAL NUTRITION
JF - CLINICAL NUTRITION
ER -